The Sunday Sharing

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No.-184, Date: 24th Dec. 2023
Theme: ⛪ Merry Christmas – 2023 🎄

The message of Christmas:

Faith and Celebration: For Christians, Christmas is a celebration of faith, commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ. It’s a time to rejoice in the spiritual significance of Christ’s arrival and to reflect on the teachings of love, forgiveness, and peace.

Love and Compassion: Christmas embodies the spirit of love and compassion, symbolized by the idea of God’s love for humanity as expressed through the birth of Jesus. It’s a time to extend kindness, understanding, and empathy towards others.

Hope and Renewal: The birth of Jesus is often associated with hope and renewal. It signifies the promise of new beginnings, a chance for redemption, and the possibility of positive change in our lives and the world.

Generosity and Giving: Christmas encourages a spirit of generosity and giving. It’s a time when people focus on sharing with others, whether through gifts, time spent together, or acts of charity towards those in need.

Unity and Togetherness: The holiday emphasizes the importance of unity and togetherness. It’s a time for families, communities, and even strangers to come together, transcending differences and fostering a sense of belonging and unity.

To conclude, Christmas is a religious celebration and it is also a time of joy, hope, and the spirit of giving. In its core itself, Christmas promotes values that encourage hope, goodwill, kindness, and a sense of community, spreading messages of joy and peace.

🌲Merry Christmas – 2023 wishes to All.🎄

Bishnu 🙏 🎅

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No.-183, Date: 17th Dec. 2023
Theme: Millets – The Indian Superfoods

Millets, cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions, are nutrient-dense small-seed cereals known as Nutri-cereals. Their cultivation requires less water and inputs while showcasing resilience to climate conditions. These superfoods pack a nutritional punch, containing carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, healthy fats, and an abundance of minerals like calcium, potassium, iron, and zinc, along with various B vitamins. Rich in dietary fiber, millets aid digestion, prevent constipation, and being gluten-free, they’re beneficial for individuals with celiac disease. Additionally, millets are high in antioxidants, guarding cells against free radicals, and their low glycemic index supports diabetes management. Recent studies indicate their potential in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

India is a significant producer of nine traditional millets, including Sorghum, Pearl Millet, Finger Millet, Foxtail Millet, and others. With a production of around 173 lakh tonnes, India contributes 80% of Asia’s and 20% of the global millet production, as per FAO Stat 2021. It stands among the top 5 millet exporters globally, experiencing a consistent 3% annual growth in exports over the last 5 years. Millets in India not only offer nutritional value but also ensure food and fodder security for dry land agricultural communities. These crops are vital for small farmers due to their resilience and adaptability to harsh, hot, and drought-prone environments, making them a secure option in challenging conditions.

https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-06/Report-on-Promoting-Best-practices-on-Millet-26_4_23.pdf

Millets, traditional Indian superfoods, offer numerous health benefits:

Nutrient-Rich: Millets, like finger millet (ragi), are rich in nutrients such as calcium, iron, magnesium, and fiber. These nutrients are essential for bone health, energy production, and maintaining healthy digestion.

Gluten-Free: Millets are naturally gluten-free, making them an excellent alternative for people with gluten sensitivities or celiac disease.

Blood Sugar Regulation: Millets have a low glycemic index, which means they release sugar into the bloodstream slowly. This property helps regulate blood sugar levels and may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Heart Health: The high fiber content in millets, along with compounds like magnesium, may contribute to heart health by reducing cholesterol levels and blood pressure.

Weight Management: Millets are filling due to their fiber content, helping to keep you satiated for longer periods and aiding in weight management by reducing overeating.

Improved Digestion: The fiber in millets supports healthy digestion, prevents constipation, and promotes a healthy gut microbiome, supporting overall digestive health.

Rich in Antioxidants: Some millets, like finger millet (ragi), contain antioxidants that combat oxidative stress, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals.

Supports Skin and Hair Health: The nutrients present in millets, such as iron and amino acids, contribute to healthy skin and hair growth.

Versatility: Millets can be used in various dishes, from porridges and flatbreads to savory dishes and baked goods, making them a versatile ingredient for diverse culinary options.

Sustainable Crop: Millets are resilient crops that require less water and can grow in diverse environmental conditions, making them environmentally friendly and sustainable.

Odisha has done remarkable work on Millets through its Odisha Millet Mission and benefited more than 2.5 Lakh farmers with value-chain and convergence interventions in last four years.

https://milletsodisha.com/about-program

Greater millet production can support the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and can provide decent jobs for women and youth. The revenue created can boost economic growth. With the possibility of a health cereal alternative with millets, the risks associated with production shocks can be mitigated.

Bishnu🙏

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No.-182, Date: 10th Dec. 2023
Theme: Workweek – Working Hours

Earlier, in a conversation with Infosys former CFO Mohandas Pai in October, Murthy said India needs to boost work productivity if it wishes to compete with the fastest-growing countries like China and Japan.
Murthy made the remarks while appearing on the first episode of 3one4 Capital’s podcast ‘The Record’.

Much value (concept in totality) is attached to 70 hours workweek statement of inspiring Narayan Murthy.
But it divided opinions of citizen in the internet.

Few people supported Narayan Murthy’s view of a 70-hour workweek. But many people, i.e., mostly the younger generation, do not believe and also do not have the habit of working 12 long hours every day.

Arvind Panagariya, Professor, Columbia University wrote an article in Times of India (10th Nov. 2023) on it “Tell Bosses, Not Workers” (NRN’s 70-hour workweek thesis ignores the vital role of capital in labour productivity. Govts, industry leaders need to invest heavily in sectors with high employment intensity)

He wrote “Taking some liberty to paraphrase him, Murthy made three main points. First, worker productivity, meaning value added per worker, is among lowest in India and is in urgent need of improvement. Second, the surest path to raising worker productivity is a longer workweek, which in turn requires a change in work culture. To this end, our leaders, especially corporate leaders, must tell our youngsters that with the opportunity knocking on India’s door, it is time for us to work very hard. Finally, because youngsters form a significant majority of the workforce, they are critical to this transformation.”

He concluded the article “The greatest service that the corporate leaders can render is to partially reallocate their capital into sectors that employ many more workers per unit of capital than currently. Higher worker productivity and longer workweek will automatically follow.”

What should be the ideal number of working hours?

The ideal number of working hours can vary based on different factors like sector, industry, job roles, team, culture and even individual preferences.

International standard full-time work week is around 40 hours, spread across five days. Some countries or companies have experimented with shorter workweeks (such as a 4-day workweek) to improve work-life balance and potentially boost productivity.

Flexible work hours and remote work have also gained popularity, allowing employees to structure their work around their most productive hours and personal commitments.

However, many studies suggest that productivity tends to decrease after a certain number of hours. A mere physical presence in the workplace may not give the desired cognitive or creative work output or result.

Ultimately, it’s crucial for employers to prioritize a healthy work-life balance and consider the nature of the work when determining the ideal number of working hours. Productivity, employee well-being, and job satisfaction are key factors to consider in establishing the best working hours for a company.

Bishnu🙏

PS: Shashi Tharoor took to X to share his thoughts on Bill Gates and Narayana Murthy’s comments on work week. In his witty style, he posted what would happen if Gates and Murthy ‘sit down together and work out a compromise’.

“Bill Gates says a three-day work-week ought to be possible’. In other words, if Mr Gates and Mr Narayana Murthy sit down together and work out a compromise, we will end up exactly where we are, with a five-day work week!”

In an episode of Trevor Noah’s “What Now?”, the Microsoft co-founder said that AI (Artificial Intelligence) won’t replace humans but will free up labour. “The purpose of life is not just to do jobs. So if you eventually get a society where you only have to work three days a week or something, that’s probably OK,” Gates added.

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No.-181, Date: 3rd Dec. 2023
Theme: Beyond the Himalayan Tunnel

The cause of the collapse is still under investigation, but it is believed to be due to a combination of environmental factors, including unstable soil and rock conditions, and improper construction practices. The Silkyara tunnel collapse is a reminder of the dangers of tunnel construction, especially in mountainous regions. It is also a reminder of the importance of proper safety procedures and the need for thorough risk assessments before such projects are undertaken.

Human Blunders in Himalaya

The Himalayas, named from Sanskrit words meaning “abode of snow,” span around 2,500 km from the Indus Trench to the Yarlungtsangpo-Brahmaputra gorge, cutting across Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. This mountain range acts as a barrier between India and China, presenting diverse landscapes and climates. The Himalayas stand out as highly sensitive biodiversity hotspots, showcasing significant variations in biodiversity based on climate, environment, and altitude.

Wonder-struck by the beauty and the magnificence of the Himalaya, an ancient Sanskrit poet wrote, “In a thousand ages of the gods, I could not tell you of the glories of the Himalaya.” The snow-covered peaks, though increasingly diminishing, may still awaken the poet in us, but the barrenness of the hills below tell us the real story — that of steady environmental depredation. Today, the repeated tragedies of bridges, roads and buildings being swept by raging rivers in the hill States of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, epitomize a flawed developmental paradigm institutionalized in an eco-fragile region. Blocked roads after a landslide at Chamoli and sinking in Joshimath in Uttarakhand, road caving in Chamba in Himachal, accidents on the Char Dham routes, and deaths on the all-weather road are reports that have become everyday news from “Devbhoomi” (land of the gods).

The Himalayas face critical challenges threatening their biodiversity and environment, primarily driven by climate change, habitat loss, species decline, and human intervention, often for economic gains. As a region housing a vast concentration of glaciers beyond the polar areas, global warming has notably degraded these glaciers, leading to their melting. This has significantly disrupted freshwater flows and detrimentally impacted Himalayan biodiversity. Additionally, activities like forest exploitation for timber, deforestation for agriculture and development, and poaching for commercial purposes pose severe threats, causing habitat and species loss in the Himalayas.

In 2016, the Chardham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojna, a massive infrastructure project of 900 kilometre of road widening to double-laning with a paved shoulder (DLPS) design of 12m was implemented in the Garhwal region and a short stretch of Kumaon in Uttarakhand. The project has claimed lakhs of trees and acres of forest land, many human and animal lives, and also the fertile topsoil of the fragile Himalaya. The tons of muck generated have choked water sources. By law, a project of more than 100 km needs environmental clearance. But ambitious projects for tourism and plans that are the result of election agendas are time bound. All laws of land are bypassed. In this case, this massive project was broken up into 53 small projects, each less than 100 km long, thus by-passing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) requirements. (Mallika Bhanot, The Hindu)

The dense forests around Chamba, Agrakhal Maletha, Shivpuri, Rudraprayag, Chamoli, Agustmuni, Karnaprayag and Kund (all Uttarakhand) and other such lush green sites are vanishing. Amid the rapacious nature of the Chardham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojna, only one pristine patch, i.e., the Bhagirathi Eco Sensitive Zone (BESZ), remains.

One of the most challenging issues for the Ganga’s rejuvenation is conservation of the Gangotri glacier, which is also the fastest receding glacier. With an increase in vehicular movement and episodes of forest fires, black carbon deposits (carbon plus soot) are rising on the glacier, escalating its melting. Another Standing Committee report of March 2023 on water resources says, “Black carbon absorbs more light and emits infra-red radiation that increases the temperature. Therefore, an increase in black carbon in the high Himalaya contributes to the faster melting of glaciers.” Imagine the heating rod-like effect of a 12m wide tarred road in the vicinity of this glacier.

Greed outstripping need along with manipulative political, bureaucratic and real estate lobbies is destroying the Himalayan forests and rivers and lives of local inhabitants. In the persistent debate of environment versus development of the hills, there is a very simple solution to all the chronic and acute problems that the hills face — regulation. In BESZ, the upgradation of roads to an intermediate road width, that will have minimal environmental impact, is the only possible and sustainable solution. If reducing a few metres of road width helps ensure the conservation of the only pristine stretch of the Ganga and protection of the Himalaya, then we must make sincere efforts to amend the plan. We live in times of the critical and unpredictable impact of climate change events which call for prevention and conservation.

Most importantly, no development can be sustained if it ends up destroying the main lifeline for millions of people and future generations.

Bishnu🙏

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No.-180, Date: 26th Nov. 2023
Theme: Judging a Person from the appearance

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No.-179, Date: 19th Nov. 2023
Theme: The Biggest stage for the Biggest match: Cricket World Cup 2023 Final

This time around, Dravid and captain Rohit Sharma swear by the philosophy of taking it one match at a time. World Cup finals are massive sporting engagements, where the best either find extra reserves of strength or watch their legs turn into jelly. If India sticks to its consistent methods, executed well so far in this championship, it should start as the favourite. Rohit Sharma’s ballistic starts, Shubman Gill’s poise, Virat Kohli’s prolific run, and the combined yield of Shreyas Iyer, K.L. Rahul and Suryakumar Yadav, have ensured that rivals have no relief on the field. A bowling attack helmed by Jasprit Bumrah has prised open the opposition’s top order before the spinners stepped in and strangled the middle order in the middle game. Kohli, with 711 runs, is the leading batter in this World Cup, and Mohammed Shami leads the bowlers’ pack with 23 scalps. Still, Australia will remain a combative unit, scrapping hard, never ceding an inch. Even though all its batting stars have not performed as smoothly as the Indians, Glenn Maxwell’s stunning unbeaten 201 against Afghanistan indicated at the magic and mayhem within the Australian changeroom. A fine seam attack and an effective spinner in Adam Zampa, will pose a challenge, which India has to tackle well, if it is to hold up the Cup for the third time.
(Reference The Hindu ePaper 18th Nov. 2023)

BEST wishes to the India Cricket Team for ICC world cup 2023 final cricket match today. 👍

Bishnu 🙏

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No.-178, Date: 12th Nov. 2023
Theme: Happy Diwali

Diwali is a celebration that goes beyond its religious roots, touching upon various aspects of life, culture, and community. It brings people together in the spirit of joy, positivity, and the pursuit of higher values.

Victory of Light over Darkness: Diwali symbolizes the triumph of light over darkness and good over evil. The lighting of lamps, candles, and diyas represents the dispelling of ignorance and the prevalence of knowledge.

Religious and Mythological Significance: Diwali holds religious importance for Hindus, as it is associated with various mythological events. One of the most well-known stories is the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after defeating the demon king Ravana. The people of Ayodhya welcomed him by lighting lamps, and this event is commemorated during Diwali.

Worship of Goddess Lakshmi: Diwali is dedicated to the worship of Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity. Devotees seek her blessings for a prosperous and successful life. Business owners often start their financial accounts for the new year on Diwali, considering it an auspicious time.

Cleansing and Renewal: Preceding Diwali, homes are thoroughly cleaned and decorated, symbolizing the removal of impurities and negativity. It signifies a fresh start, renewal, and the ushering in of positive energy.

Cultural Unity: Diwali transcends religious boundaries and is celebrated by people from various communities and regions. It promotes cultural unity and harmony as people come together to celebrate the festival with shared traditions and festivities.

Social Bonding: Diwali is a time for families and friends to come together. The exchange of gifts, sharing of meals, and festive gatherings strengthen social bonds, fostering a sense of togetherness and community.

Economic Significance: Diwali is a crucial time for businesses as it marks the beginning of the financial year for many. The belief in the auspiciousness of starting new ventures during Diwali contributes to economic activities and business growth.

Environmental Awareness: In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the environmental impact of Diwali celebrations, particularly with regard to the use of fireworks. This has led to increased emphasis on eco-friendly and sustainable ways of celebrating the festival.

Illuminate Your Mind Not Just Your Home
(By Swami Chinmayananda)

The Light of Consciousness in individuals illuminating all their apprehensions is ATMAN, the Self. This flaming Existence in all is dramatized by the mud pot in which we fill the oil and light the wick. Within us the wick of the mind is supported by the oil of VASANAS, unmanifest desires. The existence flutters to become one with the Elemental Fire, unmanifest, when the oil of VASANAS is over.

Remember the significance when you light the little mud pots that represent our bodies. As you stand in wonderment at the beauty of the rows of light everywhere, learn to feel elated at the light of divine consciousness that flutters in the hearts of all living beings around. Harm none; respect life everywhere and when, one by one the lights disappear, teach yourself not to weep, but to respect on how the manifested light disappears into unmanifested Fire Divine.

To enjoy prosperity, peace and joy the nation’s population must grow in their economic expansion, they must be trained and educated to live harmoniously, striving enthusiastically in all fields of productivity. Spiritual unfoldment must be subjectively gained by each one in his own inner personality. The mighty, divine individual in each one of us must, by constant effort and watchfulness, endeavor to destroy all the negative tendencies of lost, greed, selfishness, egoism, and vanity – by cultivation of the positive qualities of love, kindness, cheerfulness, understanding, mercy and compassion.

Deepavali is a day dedicated to inner purity and noble character, dedicated to the opening of our hearts. Let all misgivings be forgotten, all grievance be forgiven. Let us remind ourselves, at least on this joyous day, that we can be victorious over our impulses and come to illuminate – for the world around – the Lamp of Wisdom from the Land of Spiritual Light.

Shubha Deepavali to all.

Bishnu

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No.-177, Date: 5th Nov. 2023
Theme: Bio Sheetal – The World’s first para female archer who shoots using her feet diversity

In the youth event organized by Indian army, the army coaches Abhilasha Chaudhary and Kuldeep Wadhwan noticed her confidence and decided to train her. As she was born with Phocomelia, she had no arms. So firstly the coaches decided to help her with prosthetics. But the medics said that prosthetics were not possible in her case. Here, she said that she was fond of and has expertise in climbing trees using her legs. This was a very pleasant surprise for the coaches. Now coaches had one more challenge to face, they had never trained a person for archery who has no arms. But coaches did some research about whether it was possible to train her, and eventually they came to know about Matt Stutzman , who was armless and used his legs for archery. This made coaches very confident and within 11 months of training, Sheetal Devi participated in Asian Para Games and won two gold medals for India.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheetal_Devi

Anand Mahindra (Chairman of Mahindra Group) hailed Devi’s unbeatable spirit and called her a “teacher to all”. As a token of his praise, he asked her to choose any car from the Mahindra lineup that would suit her requirements. The industrialist also vowed to never complain about petty problems in his life.

I will never,EVER again complain about petty problems in my life. #SheetalDevi you are a teacher to us all. Please pick any car from our range & we will award it to you & customise it for your use. pic.twitter.com/JU6DOR5iqs

— anand mahindra (@anandmahindra) October 28, 2023

With 111 medals (Gold: 29, Silver: 31, and Bronze: 51), India has recorded its best-ever performance at the Asian Para Games. However, compared to the outpouring of emotions in the aftermath of the Asian Games medal haul—a record 107 medals for the first time in Indian history—the celebrations over the Asian Para Games success have not occurred much in our country.

Hon’ble Prime Minister Narendra D Modi interacted with India’s Asian Para Games contingent at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium in New Delhi on Wednesday, November 1, 2023.

Elated to interact with the Indian athletes who displayed their remarkable talent at the Asian Para Games. Their achievements underscore their dedication and extraordinary skills. https://t.co/DB8wNNkRXB

— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) November 1, 2023

“You bring along new hopes and renewed enthusiasm whenever you come here,” Modi told the athletes, adding that he was not only following the developments at the Para Asian Games very closely but also living through it.

Boria Majumdar, the famous sports journalist has rightly mentioned in ET Magazine (29th Oct. 2023) that “these para-athletes should be celebrated and feted in the same manner as we do for their able-bodied counterparts. It is necessary to go beyond sympathy and convert it into empathy. It is essential that they are treated as sportspeople rather than objects of sympathy.”

All these things are necessary for us to become a better, inclusive and sensitive society.

Bishnu 🙏

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No.-176, Date: 29th Oct. 2023
Theme: Biodiversity

“Biological diversity” means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth at all levels of organization, from genes and species to ecosystems.
It encompasses the different types of living organisms, the genetic differences among them, and the ecological complexes they form in various environments.

Biodiversity is often described in terms of three main components:

Genetic Diversity: This component focuses on the variation in the genes within a single species. Genetic diversity is essential for adaptation and evolution, as it allows species to respond to changing environmental conditions and threats, such as diseases.

Species Diversity: Species diversity refers to the number and variety of different species within a specific geographic region or ecosystem. It includes both the number of species present and their relative abundance. High species diversity is important for ecosystem stability and resilience.

Ecosystem Diversity: Ecosystem diversity considers the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes that occur in a given area. Different ecosystems, such as forests, wetlands, grasslands, and oceans, each have their unique characteristics and species. Ecosystem diversity plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth and providing various ecosystem services, like clean air and water, pollination, and climate regulation.

Importance of Biodiversity

Biodiversity forms the web of life that we depend on for so many things – food, water, medicine, a stable climate, economic growth, among others. Over half of global GDP is dependent on nature. More than 1 billion (100 crores) people rely on forests for their livelihoods. And land and the ocean absorb more than half of all carbon emissions.

Biodiversity is of paramount importance for a variety of reasons, and its preservation is crucial for the well-being of ecosystems, species, and humanity as a whole.

Clean Water and Air: Biodiverse ecosystems help filter and purify water and air. Wetlands, for example, act as natural water purifiers, and forests contribute to the filtration of air and water.

Pollination: Biodiversity is crucial for pollination, which is essential for the reproduction of many plants, including crops. Bees, butterflies, birds, and other pollinators transfer pollen from one flower to another, ensuring the production of fruits and seeds.

Food Security: Biodiversity is essential for food production. Many different plant and animal species are sources of food for humans, and genetic diversity within these species is crucial for crop and livestock improvement.

Medicine and Pharmaceuticals: Many pharmaceuticals and medical treatments are derived from natural compounds found in various species. Biodiversity is a source of potential cures for numerous diseases.
Economic Benefits: Biodiversity can drive economic growth by supporting industries such as agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. Healthy ecosystems contribute to the resilience and sustainability of these sectors.

Climate Regulation: Ecosystems play a critical role in regulating the Earth’s climate. Forests, for example, absorb and store carbon dioxide, helping to mitigate climate change. Marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs and mangroves, also play a part in climate regulation. Biodiversity within these ecosystems is essential for their ability to provide these services.
Ecosystem Stability and Resilience: Biodiverse ecosystems tend to be more stable and resilient. They can better withstand and recover from environmental changes, such as climate fluctuations, diseases, or disturbances like wildfires. A diverse range of species provides different ecological functions, reducing the likelihood of catastrophic ecosystem collapses.

Cultural and Recreational Benefits: Biodiversity provides cultural and recreational benefits, including opportunities for tourism, aesthetic enjoyment, and spiritual or cultural practices. Many indigenous and local communities rely on biodiversity for their traditional lifestyles and livelihoods.

Scientific Understanding: Biodiversity is essential for advancing scientific knowledge and understanding the natural world. Studying different species and ecosystems can provide insights into ecology, evolution, and genetics, with potential applications in various fields.
Ethical and Intrinsic Value: Biodiversity has intrinsic value and an ethical dimension. Each species has a right to exist, and preserving biodiversity reflects our responsibility to protect life on Earth for future generations.

Threat and Damage to Biodiversity

Biodiversity is under threat from various human activities and natural processes. Human activities are the primary drivers of biodiversity loss.

Deforestation: The cutting down of forests for timber, agriculture, and urban development is a significant contributor to biodiversity loss. Forests are home to a wide variety of species, and their destruction can have far-reaching ecological consequences.
Habitat Destruction: The conversion of natural habitats into agricultural land, urban areas, infrastructure, and other land uses leads to the loss of critical ecosystems. This disrupts the habitats of many species, often resulting in their decline or extinction.

Pollution: Pollution from sources like industrial and agricultural runoff, oil spills, and air pollution can harm ecosystems and species. Pollutants can contaminate water, soil, and air, affecting the health of plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Overexploitation: The unsustainable hunting, fishing, and harvesting of species for food, medicine, pets, and other purposes can lead to population declines and, in some cases, extinction. This is often seen in overfishing, illegal wildlife trade, and poaching.
Climate Change: Climate change is a global threat to biodiversity. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events can disrupt ecosystems and negatively impact species that cannot adapt quickly enough.

Invasive Species: The introduction of non-native species to new areas can outcompete or prey on native species, disrupting local ecosystems. Invasive species can often become dominant and harm native flora and fauna.
Agriculture and Land Use Change: Intensive agriculture, the use of pesticides and herbicides, and the expansion of monoculture crops can degrade habitats and harm pollinators and other beneficial species. Soil erosion, desertification, and other forms of land degradation can reduce the productivity of ecosystems and make them less hospitable to many species.

Infrastructure Development: The construction of dams, roads, and other infrastructure can have direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity. Dams can alter river ecosystems, while roads can lead to increased habitat destruction and vehicle collisions with wildlife.
Energy Production: The extraction of fossil fuels, such as oil and gas, and the development of renewable energy sources like wind and solar farms can disrupt ecosystems and pose threats to wildlife through habitat disruption, pollution, and collisions.

Ocean Acidification: Increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere can lead to ocean acidification, which harms marine life, particularly organisms with calcium carbonate shells or skeletons, such as corals and some shellfish.

Disease Spread: The spread of diseases, whether natural or introduced by human activities, can devastate wildlife populations, including amphibians, bats, and corals.

Protection of Biodiversity

Protecting biodiversity is a critical global priority to ensure the health of ecosystems, species, and the well-being of humanity.

Promotion of Sustainable use of Biological resources: “Sustainable use” means the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations.

Expansion of Protected Areas and Wildlife Conservation: Create and effectively manage protected areas, such as national parks, wildlife reserves, and marine sanctuaries, to conserve critical habitats and species. Connect and expand these protected areas to facilitate the movement of species and genetic diversity. Implement strategies to protect endangered and threatened species, such as habitat preservation, captive breeding programs, and anti-poaching initiatives. Address the illegal wildlife trade by enforcing strong laws and regulations and reducing consumer demand for wildlife products

Habitat Restoration: Restore and rehabilitate degraded ecosystems, including reforestation and afforestation efforts to rebuild forests, and wetland restoration to improve water quality and provide habitat for wildlife.

Sustainable Land and Resource Management: Implement sustainable agricultural practices, such as organic farming and agroforestry, that minimize habitat destruction, reduce pesticide use, and protect soil and water quality. Promote sustainable forestry and fisheries management to ensure that these industries do not lead to overexploitation or habitat degradation.

Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture: Promote sustainable fishing practices, such as setting catch limits and protecting breeding and nursery areas. Encourage responsible and sustainable aquaculture practices to reduce pressure on wild fish populations.

Invasive Species Management: Prevent the introduction of non-native invasive species through strict biosecurity measures.
Manage existing invasive species through control and eradication programs.

Sustainable Tourism: Promote responsible and sustainable tourism practices that minimize the environmental impact and contribute to local conservation efforts.

Corporate Responsibility: Encourage businesses to adopt sustainable and environmentally responsible practices in their operations and supply chains. Support companies that are committed to reducing their environmental footprint.

Indigenous and Local Community Involvement: Collaborate with indigenous and local communities, who often have traditional knowledge about conservation and sustainable resource management. Recognize and respect the rights and contributions of these communities in conservation efforts.

Public Education and Awareness: Educate the public about the importance of biodiversity conservation and the threats it faces.
Encourage individuals and communities to take actions that protect local ecosystems and wildlife.

Climate Change Mitigation: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change, as this directly affects biodiversity. Transition to renewable energy sources, increase energy efficiency, and promote sustainable transportation. Develop and implement strategies for species and ecosystems to adapt to changing climate conditions.

Scientific Research: Invest in scientific research to better understand ecosystems, species, and their interactions, which can inform conservation strategies.

Policy and Advocacy: Advocate for policies and legislation that promote biodiversity conservation at local, national, and international levels.

International Agreements: Support and adhere to international agreements and conventions aimed at protecting biodiversity, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

https://www.cbd.int/convention/

Effective biodiversity protection often requires a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach involving governments, non-governmental organizations, industries, local communities, and individuals. It also necessitates a long-term commitment to conservation efforts, as well as an understanding of the interconnectedness of all life on Earth and the importance of preserving it for current and future generations.

Climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution are part of an interlinked triple planetary crisis the world is facing today. They need to be tackled together if we are to advance the Sustainable Development Goals and secure a viable future on this planet.

Bishnu 🙏

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No.-175, Date: 22nd Oct. 2023
Theme: The Nine Forms of Devi

Here is the significance of each of these forms and the spiritual insights they offer.

I. Shailaputrī — The Daughter of the Mountain (प्रथमं शैलपुत्रीति):
Shailaputrī, the first form of Goddess Durgā, is the daughter of the mountain. She embodies the idea of consciousness and existence, symbolized by the mountain’s stacked heights and peaks. In her, the divine takes birth in the core of inconscient matter, signifying the inception of creation.

II. Brahmacāriṇī — The Goddess of the Creative Sound (द्वितीयं ब्रह्मचारिणी)
Brahmacarini represents the conscious Word or Brahman. She is the embodiment of supreme nāda, the creative sound that underlies all existence. It signifies the divine entering creation at its most inconscient core, setting the stage for the universe’s manifestation.

III. Chandraghaṇṭā— The Spreader of Delight (तृतीयं चन्द्रघण्टेति):
Chandraghaṇṭā is the nāda that spreads the delight and sustaining sap of existence. Her name signifies the joy and nourishment found in the supernal ether, which is essential for life. She represents the nurturing and sustaining aspect of the divine.

IV. Kuṣmāṇḍā— The Seed of Creation (कुष्माण्डेति चतुर्थकम्):
Kuṣmāṇḍā is derived from ‘ku’ (earth), ‘ușma’ (heat), and ‘aṇḍa’ (egg or seed). This form of Durgā symbolizes the divine seed planted in the earthly matter, signifying the potential for creation. She is the source of fertility and growth.

V. Skandamātā — The Mother of Divine Energy (पञ्चमं स्कन्दमातेति):
Skandamātā is the mother of Skanda, a representation of divine energy descending to uplift humanity. This form of Durgā reminds us of the continuous divine interventions in the world to guide and elevate human consciousness.

VI. Kātyāyanī— The Eternal Virgin (षष्ठं कात्यायनीति च):
Kātyāyanī is the eternal virgin, symbolizing purity and untarnished divinity. She represents the idea that the divine can remain untouched by worldly impurities, reminding us of the eternal, unchanging nature of the sacred.

VII. Kālarātri — The Dark Night and Luminous Possibilities (सप्तमं कालरात्रीति):
Kālarātri, the dark night, carries the luminous possibilities in her womb. This form symbolizes the potential for enlightenment and transformation hidden within life’s challenges and adversities. The dark night is a precursor to the great dawn.

VIII. Mahāgaurī — The Great Radiance (महागौरीति चाष्टमम्):
Mahāgaurī is the great radiance, representing the bright day of light and knowledge. She symbolizes the ultimate illumination and enlightenment that awaits those who seek spiritual growth and wisdom.

IX. Siddhidātrī — The Bestower of Perfection (नवमं सिद्धिदात्री च):
Siddhidātrī is the bestower of Siddhi, granting the yearning of the created towards its creator. She symbolizes the fulfillment of one’s spiritual journey and the realization of divine potential within every individual.

The nine forms of Goddess Durgā, as described in the Kavacha (नवदुर्गा प्रकीर्तिता), provide profound insights into the multifaceted nature of the divine. Each form represents a unique aspect of the power and grace of the Devi, offering devotees a spiritual journey filled with symbolism, meaning, and the promise of transformation. During Navrātri, these forms are celebrated and worshipped, reminding us of the eternal presence of the divine in our life.

Written by Sampadananda Mishra

May Maa Durga bless all 🙏

Bishnu

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No.-174, Date: 15th Oct. 2023
Theme: Li – Fi Technology for Wireless communication

Local Area Networking: Wi-Fi is typically used to create local area networks (LANs) within a specific area, such as a home, office, or public space. Devices connect to a central Wi-Fi access point, often a router, to access the internet and communicate with other devices on the network.
But a few people know about Li – Fi.

Li-Fi, which stands for “Light Fidelity,” is a wireless communication technology that uses visible light to transmit data. It is similar to Wi-Fi but instead of using radio waves, it utilizes light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to transmit data.

Li-Fi technology was first proposed by Professor Harald Haas during a TED talk in 2011 and has since garnered interest in research and development, with some companies working on commercializing it for specific applications. However, it has not yet replaced Wi-Fi as the dominant wireless communication technology but has the potential to complement it in certain use cases.

In 2021, Akrund and Navanagar villages in Aravalli district of Gujarat have become India’s first smart villages with LiFi-based internet connectivity by a startup, Nav Wireless Technology.

Under the leadership of innovator and Environmentalist Sonam Wangchuk, SECMOL (Students’ Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh) has become the first-of-its-kind institute in the Union Territory Ladakh to have an internet connection using Light Fidelity (LiFi) technology.

Renewable Energy

https://hial.edu.in/

Key points about Li-Fi technology:

Data Transmission Through Light: Li-Fi technology uses the modulation of light signals to transmit data. LEDs can be rapidly turned on and off to encode data in the form of binary code. This light signal is then received by a photodetector and converted back into data.

High Speed: Li-Fi has the potential to deliver extremely high data transfer rates, even faster than traditional Wi-Fi. Some laboratory tests have achieved speeds of multiple gigabits per second, which is significantly faster than most Wi-Fi connections.

Security: Since Li-Fi is based on visible light, it does not penetrate walls, making it inherently more secure than Wi-Fi. It is difficult for someone outside a room to intercept the data being transmitted through Li-Fi, as they would need a direct line of sight to the light source.

Interference-Free: Li-Fi does not interfere with radio frequency-based technologies, making it suitable for use in environments where electromagnetic interference is a concern, such as hospitals or aircraft.

Energy Efficiency: LEDs are already known for their energy efficiency. Li-Fi technology can be integrated into lighting systems, providing both illumination and data transmission simultaneously, making it energy-efficient.

Line-of-Sight: One limitation of Li-Fi is that it requires a direct line of sight between the transmitter (LED) and the receiver (photodetector). This means that it may not work well in situations where there are obstacles or the devices are not in the same room.

Application of Li – Fi technology
Li-Fi technology has several potential applications, although it’s still in the early stages of development and deployment.

High-Speed Internet Access: Li-Fi can be used to provide high-speed internet access in areas where traditional Wi-Fi may not be practical, such as in crowded urban environments, smart cities, or remote locations. It can offer gigabit-speed connectivity to users.

Indoor Navigation: Li-Fi can be used for indoor positioning and navigation. By installing Li-Fi transmitters in various locations, such as shopping malls or airports, users with Li-Fi-enabled devices can be guided accurately to their destinations.

Wireless Communication in Sensitive Areas: Li-Fi can be used in environments where radio frequency-based wireless technologies are not allowed or may interfere with sensitive equipment, such as hospitals, aircraft, and manufacturing facilities.

Underwater Communication: Li-Fi can be utilized for underwater communication, as visible light can penetrate water to some extent. This application is valuable for underwater exploration, research, and communication between submerged vehicles and stations.

Vehicular Communication: Li-Fi can be employed for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, enhancing road safety and enabling autonomous vehicles to exchange data rapidly and reliably.

Secure Data Transfer: Li-Fi’s inherent security feature (line-of-sight communication) can be advantageous for secure data transfer in environments where data privacy is of utmost importance, such as military applications or secure corporate networks.

Smart Lighting: Li-Fi can be integrated into LED lighting systems to provide both illumination and data communication. This allows for energy-efficient, connected lighting in homes, offices, and public spaces.

In-flight Connectivity: Li-Fi can be used to provide high-speed internet access on commercial airplanes, where interference from Wi-Fi and cellular signals can be problematic.

IoT (Internet of Things) Connectivity: Li-Fi can be used to connect IoT devices in a more secure and interference-free manner, especially in environments where a large number of devices need to communicate simultaneously.

Educational Environments: Li-Fi can enhance connectivity and learning experiences in educational settings. It can be used to provide fast and secure internet access in classrooms, libraries, and other educational spaces.

Entertainment and Retail: Li-Fi can be used to enhance user experiences in entertainment venues and retail stores. For example, it can enable interactive displays, augmented reality experiences, and location-based services.

Healthcare: Li-Fi can be used in healthcare facilities to provide secure and interference-free communication for medical devices and patient records, while also improving indoor navigation for staff and patients.

Li-Fi is still a developing technology, and its practical implementation and widespread adoption many of these applications may take time. Ongoing research and development efforts aim to overcome these challenges and make Li-Fi a more practical and versatile communication technology.

Bishnu🙏

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No.-173, Date: 8th Oct. 2023
Theme: Shining Indian Athletes in 19th Asian Games 🥇 🥈 🥉

Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty won India’s first-ever badminton gold at the Asian Games. Saurav Ghosal has won five consecutive medals in men’s squash singles at the Asian Games over the years. In hockey, India registered its biggest victory against Pakistan by 10–2 goals. India claimed the top spot in the archery medal table with five golds, pushing South Korea to second place for the first time since 1978. India won golds in both men’s and women’s Kabadi.

There were many memorable moments in the 19th Asian Games, i.e., Parul Chaudhury’s sensational dash in the last 30 metres of the women’s 5000m event, which will also be remembered for a long time as the Meerut runner snatched a gold by ending Japan’s Ririka Hironaka in a close finish. She became the first Indian athlete to win a silver medal in the 3000m steeplechase and a gold medal in the 5000m race. Javelin thrower Kishore Jena’s astonishing 86.77-metre throw that gave him a lead over superstar Neeraj Chopra for a brief period in the men’s javelin event was another unforgettable moment. Later, Chopra won the gold and Jena the silver. Ojas Pravin Deotale, who won a Gold in the mixed team and men’s team events won his third Gold beating his compatriot Abhishek Verma 149 – 147 in the final.

Indian athletes won the medals at the Asian Games with their blood, sweat, and toil over the last fortnight to give the country an early Diwali gift and promise of a best-ever harvest at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

Congratulations to our athletes for their outstanding performances in the 19th Asian Games.

Bishnu🙏

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No.-172, Date: 1st Oct. 2023
Theme: M.S. Swaminathan – The Father of Green Revolution in India

Swaminathan was born in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India, on August 7, 1925. He studied agriculture at the University of Madras and plant genetics at the University of Cambridge, where he received his PhD in 1952. After returning to India, he worked at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) in New Delhi, where he developed high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice.

In 1966, Swaminathan was appointed Director General of the IARI. Under his leadership, the IARI released a number of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice that were adopted by farmers across India. These varieties helped to increase crop yields significantly, leading to a dramatic increase in food production in the country.

Swaminathan served as Director General of the IARI until 1972. He then served as Secretary of the Department of Agriculture in the Government of India from 1972 to 1979. In 1982, he became the Director General of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines. He served in this position until 1988.

After leaving the IRRI, Swaminathan founded the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) in Chennai, India. The MSSRF is a non-profit organization that works to promote sustainable agriculture and rural development.

Swaminathan’s contributions to Indian agriculture are immense. He is credited with helping to avert famine in the country and for making India self-sufficient in food production. He was a visionary leader who dedicated his life to improving the lives of farmers and rural communities.

Green Revolution

The term “Green Revolution” is used to describe the adoption of new agricultural practices and technologies that led to significant increases in crop yields, particularly for wheat and rice.

The Green Revolution in India refers to a period of agricultural transformation and modernization that began in the 1960s and continued into the 1970s and 1980s. It was a series of initiatives and programs aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and food security in India

Key features of the Green Revolution were:

High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs): The introduction of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, which were developed through scientific breeding techniques. These new varieties were more responsive to fertilizers and irrigation and produced higher crop yields.

Irrigation: Expansion of irrigation infrastructure to ensure a more reliable and consistent water supply for crops. This involved building dams, canals, and tube wells to improve water availability for agriculture.

Fertilizers and Chemicals: Widespread use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enhance soil fertility and control pests and diseases.

Extension Services: Government agencies and agricultural institutions provided farmers with training and education on modern farming techniques and the proper use of inputs like seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides.

Credit Facilities: Access to agricultural credit and loans for farmers to purchase seeds, fertilizers, and equipment.

Price Support: The government provided price support mechanisms to ensure that farmers received a fair price for their crops, which encouraged them to adopt modern farming practices.

Positive outcomes of the Green Revolution: Significant increase in agricultural production, particularly in wheat and rice. This increase in food production helped alleviate food shortages and hunger in the country, and India transitioned from being a food-deficient nation to achieving self-sufficiency in food grains.

Negative aspects of Green Revolution, such as concerns about environmental sustainability, overuse of water resources, chemical fertilizer, pesticides, soil degradation, and social inequality in access to resources and benefits.

It’s worth noting that the Green Revolution is an important part of India’s agricultural history, and subsequent agricultural policies and initiatives have aimed to address some of its limitations while building on its successes.

As Swaminathan noted in one of his writings, the Green Revolution was possible because of the synergy between technology, public policy and farmers. Public policy, particularly in terms of
providing remunerative prices and procurement mechanisms, was crucial for the success of the Revolution.

Just before receiving his Nobel Prize in 1970, Norman Borlaug wrote to Swaminathan:
“The Green Revolution has been a team effort and much of the credit for its spectacular development must go to the Indian officials, organizations, scientists, and farmers. However, to you, Dr. Swaminathan, a great deal of the credit must go for first recognizing the potential value of the Mexican dwarfs. Had this not occurred, it is quite possible that there would not have been a Green Revolution in Asia.”

As early as 1968, Swaminathan appealed to farmers not to harm the long-term production potential for short-term gains. He advised them to avoid the temptation to convert the Green
Revolution into a greed revolution.

A term coined by Swaminathan, ‘Evergreen Revolution’, based on the enduring influence of the green revolution, aims to address the continuous increase in sustainable productivity that mankind requires. He has described it as “productivity with perpetuity”.

He advocated farming system research (FSR) – it involves crop-livestock-fish integration in research – to strengthen linkages between agriculture and nutrition.

In his later years, he had also been part of initiatives related to bridging the digital divide, and bringing research to decision-makers in the field of hunger and nutrition.

The National Commission on Farmers, which Swaminathan chaired, recommended that the minimum support price (MSP) be set at least 50 per cent higher than the weighted average cost of production.

At MSSRF, he did a lot of work on hunger and malnutrition. According to Swaminathan, hunger has three major dimensions: The first is calorie deprivation; the second is protein hunger due to
inadequate consumption of pulses, milk, eggs, fish and meat; and the third is hidden
hunger caused by the deficiency of micronutrients such as iron, iodine, zinc,
vitamin A and vitamin B12.

When accepting the Ramon Magsaysay Award (1971), Swaminathan quoted Seneca: “A hungry person listens neither to reason, nor to religion, nor is bent by any prayer.”

“The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much, it is whether we provide enough for those who have little”

• M.S. Swaminathan

Tributes to the great scientist and father of the Green Revolution, M.S. Swaminathan 🙏

Bishnu

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No. – 171, Date: 24th Sept. 2023
Theme: Santiniketan (A abode of Peace)

The built and open spaces of Santiniketan constitute an exceptional global testimony to ideas of environmental art and educational reform where progressive education and visual art are intertwined with architecture and landscape, with the Ashram, Uttarayan, and Kala-Bhavana areas forming the prime sites of these practices.

Santiniketan is also directly and tangibly associated with the ideas, works and vision of Rabindranath Tagore and his associates, pioneers of the Bengal School of Art and early Indian Modernism.

This UNESCO recognition not only celebrates India’s heritage but also reinforces the global significance of Santiniketan as a cultural and educational beacon.

The World Heritage Convention, adopted by UNESCO in 1972, strives to safeguard such exceptional places for future generations, recognizing their universal value and the need for international cooperation in their protection.

UNESCO seeks to encourage the identification, protection, and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity.

https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/santiniketan-new-indian-site-unesco-world-heritage-list

Santiniketan

Santiniketan, located in the Birbhum district of West Bengal, India (161 kms from Kolkata), holds a unique and cherished place in India’s cultural and educational landscape. This idyllic town, often referred to as the “abode of peace,” was founded by the poet and Nobel laureate, Rabindranath Tagore. Santiniketan is not merely a geographical location but a symbol of India’s rich heritage, artistic expression, and educational philosophy.
In the middle of the 19th century, Maharshi Devendranath Tagore (father of Rabindranath Tagore) found solace and serenity in this barren land. He purchased the land and started the construction of a house. This house, named, Santiniketan, was built in the early 1860s; the name later came to denote the entire area. A beautiful garden was laid out on all sides of the house. The top-layer of gritty dry soil was removed and filled with rich soil brought from outside. Trees were planted for fruit and shade. Change in the environment had begun.

In 1888, Debendranath dedicated, the land and buildings, towards the establishment of a Brahmavidyalaya and a library. Rabindranath’s school Brahmacharyasram which started functioning formally December 22, 1901 with no more than five (5) students on the roll. From 1925 this school came to be known as Patha-Bhawan.

In 1921, Rabindranath Tagore expanded Santiniketan into Visva-Bharati University, meaning “The World University.” This institution aimed to promote the synthesis of various cultures and traditions, fostering international understanding and cooperation. It was recognized as a Central University in 1951, further enhancing its stature as a center for excellence in education and culture. Visva-Bharati follows the ideals of its founder by offering a liberal and holistic education that emphasizes creativity, self-discovery, and the integration of the arts and sciences.

The poet selected for its motto an ancient Sanskrit verse, “Yatra visvam bhavatieka nidam” which means “Where the whole world meets in the single nest”

“ Visva-Bharati represents India where she has her wealth of mind which is for all. Visva-Bharati acknowledges India’s obligation to offer to others the hospitality of her best culture and India’s right to accept from others their best ” – Rabindranath Tagore

https://visvabharati.ac.in/Santiniketan.html

In Santiniketan, one can pursue studies from pre-school (nursery) to PhD in many subjects of the arts, sciences, and a few professional courses.

Few classes even to this day are held under trees. The first day of rains is still celebrated with an outing, barefoot and sans umbrellas.

Important places in Santiniketan

Upasana Griha

Inaugurated in 1891, in this is the sanctum sanctorum of Santiniketan. It is a site of the Brahmo Upasana and is marked by empty space within to indicate the immanence of the Brahman who is all pervading. Every Wednesday, students faculty and visitors gather for the Upasana with songs, reading and hymns creating and atmosphere of tranquility and peace.

Rabindra Bhavana, founded in 1942, just after the death of the poet, is the focal point of Visva Bharati. It has a museum, archives, library and other units. It houses a major part of Rabindranath’s manuscripts, correspondence, paintings and sketches, 40,000 volumes of books and 12,000 volumes of bound journals, photographs and numerous items associated with the poet’s life. It is generally one of the first points of interest for anybody visiting Santiniketan. It was established by the poet’s son, Rathindranath Tagore, as a memorial museum and research centre for Tagore studies.

The Uttarayana Complex, which lies in the northern portion of the town and is located next to Rabindra Bhavana, features a collection of five houses built by Rabindranath – Udayan, Shyamali, Konark, Udichi and Punascha. The gardens in the Uttarayan complex were planned and laid out by Rathindranath. Shyamali and Konark are mud houses. Shyamali was an experiment. The visual perspective was based on the Borobudur style. The entire outside wall was decorated with beautiful relief work by Kala Bhavana students under the guidance of Nandalal Bose. The Santals on either side of the main door and on the eastern corner were by Ramkinkar Baij. Mahatma Gandhi and Kasturba Gandhi stayed in the house as guests.

Udayan is the most imposing house in the Uttarayan complex. It is meant for important guests visiting Santiniketan. Each suite in Udayan is on a different level which gives this house its individuality. In 2013, Visva Bharati opened a museum Guha Ghar, in the Uttarayan complex, in memory of Rathindranath Tagore.

Other places of Santiniketan are Chhatimtala, The Santiniketan House, Taloddhaj, Jagadish Udyan, Guhaghar – Chitrabhanu, Kalo Bari, Sriniketan, etc.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shantiniketan

Few prominent festivals celebrated in Santiniketan

Basanta Utsav (Holi): Basanta Utsav, also known as Holi, is one of the most famous and widely celebrated festivals in Santiniketan. It usually takes place in March, during the spring season. The festival is marked by the enthusiastic playing of colors, traditional folk dances, and songs. Students and residents of Santiniketan, dressed in traditional attire, gather at the university grounds to welcome the arrival of spring with vibrant colors and cultural performances.

Poush Mela: Poush Mela is an annual winter festival celebrated in Santiniketan in December. It is a three-day event that attracts visitors from all over India and abroad. Poush Mela showcases the rich cultural heritage of Santiniketan through various cultural performances, folk music, dance, art exhibitions, and craft fairs. Visitors can enjoy traditional Bengali cuisine and shop for handicrafts and textiles during this festival.

Rabindra Jayanti: Rabindra Jayanti is celebrated on May 7th to commemorate the birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore, the town’s founder and Nobel laureate. On this day, Visva-Bharati University organizes special events, including poetry recitations, musical performances, and discussions on Tagore’s life and works. Students and scholars from various parts of the world gather to pay tribute to the poet and his contributions to literature and culture.

Rathindra Mela: Rathindra Mela is an annual fair organized by Sriniketan, a neighboring town of Santiniketan, in memory of Rathindranath Tagore, Rabindranath’s son. The fair celebrates the rural life of Bengal and showcases various agricultural practices, traditional games, and folk art forms. It provides a glimpse into the agricultural and rural traditions of the region.

Nandan Mela: Nandan Mela is an art and craft fair held in Santiniketan, primarily organized by Kala Bhavana, the art college of Visva-Bharati University. The fair is a platform for artists and craftsmen to display their creations, including paintings, sculptures, pottery, textiles, and jewelry. Visitors can purchase unique and handmade art and craft items during this event.

Sharodotsav (Durga Puja): While Durga Puja is a widely celebrated festival throughout West Bengal, Santiniketan also joins in the festivities with grand Durga Puja celebrations. The town is adorned with colorful decorations, elaborate pandals (temporary temples), and cultural performances during this time. Residents and students participate in the traditional rituals and enjoy the festive spirit.

The spirit of Rabindranath lives on in Santiniketan.

I was privileged to study at Visva-Bharati University. I did my Master of Social Work (MSW) in 1993 – 95. I am still having good relationships with my batchmates, faculty, and alumni of Social Work.

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 170, Date: 10th Sept. 2023
Theme: DOT – India’s largest Optical Telescope

The 3.6m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) is a custom-built instrument of great complexity This telescope has the distinction of being largest telescope in India for study of celestial objects at optical wavelengths. It is a national facility installed at Devasthal in the district of Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. It was commissioned in the year 2016 and is being maintained and operated by ARIES. The 3.6m DOT facility consists of a modern 3.6 meter optical new technology telescope, a suite of instruments, an Aluminium coating plant, a control room and a data center. The back-end instruments of telescope provide spectral and imaging capabilities at visible and near-infrared bands.
https://www.aries.res.in/facilities/astronomical-telescopes/360cm-telescope

ARIES hosts three telescopes of apertures 1.04m, 1.3m and 3.6m and an upcoming 4m Liquid Mirror Telescope. The 1.04m optical telescope, located at Manora Peak, near Nainital, is being used as a main observing facility by the ARIES scientists since 1972. Recent increase in light polution due to Nainital city, ARIES has now developed a new astronomical site at Devasthal after a comprehensive site survey done in different places in the Himalayan region.

Devasthal (“Abode of God”) is a mountain peak located at a distance of ~60 km from ARIES near Dhana-chuli, which has the advantages of having dark skies sub-arcsec seeing, low extinction and excellent observing conditions. Devasthal has a longitude of 79.7 E, latitude of 29.4 N, and an altitude of ~2450 m above msl. The site is away from major urban settlements in the region.

Congratulations to Computer Engineer Mohit Joshi for his contribution to set up *Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT)” at Devasthal, Nainital, Uttarakhand India,

https://aries.res.in/index.php/about-us/devasthal-campus

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 169, Date: 10th Sept. 2023
Theme: G20 India 2023

The G20 members represent around 85% of the global GDP, over 75% of the global trade, and about two-thirds of the world population. G20 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation and it plays an important role in shaping and strengthening global architecture and governance on all major international economic issues.

The G20 does not have a permanent secretariat or staff. Instead, the G20 Presidency rotates annually among the members and is selected from a different regional grouping of countries. The 19 member countries are therefore divided up into five groups comprising a maximum of four countries each. Most of the groups are formed on a regional basis, that is countries from the same region are usually put in the same group. Only Group 1 (Australia, Canada, Saudi Arabia and the United States) and Group 2 (India, Russia, South Africa and Türkiye) do not follow this pattern. Group 3 includes Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico; Group 4 includes France, Germany, Italy, and United Kingdom; and Group 5 includes China, Indonesia, Japan, and Republic of Korea. The EU, the 20th member, is not a member of any of these regional groups.

Each year another country from a different group assumes the G20 Presidency. The countries in a group are each equally entitled to take on the Presidency when it is their group’s turn, though. India, from Group 2, holds the current Presidency of the G20 from 1 December 2022 to 30 November 2023. The G20 Presidency is responsible for bringing together the G20 agenda in consultation with other members and in response to developments in the global economy.

To ensure continuity, the Presidency is supported by a “troika” made up of the current, immediate past and next host countries. During India’s Presidency, the members of the G20 troika are Indonesia, India and Brazil.
https://www.g20.org/content/dam/gtwenty/gtwenty_new/about_g20/G20_Background_Brief.pdf

India has transformed G20, the elite diplomatic event into a people’s event. It has been a pan-national celebration so the economic benefits are unfolding nationwide.

With approximately 220 meetings spanning 60 cities, nearly 30,000 delegates in G20 meetings, over 1,00,00 participants in their side events as well as involvement of citizens from all corners of the nation, G20 engaged with the people in myriad ways.

Preamble G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration 2023

1. We are One Earth, One Family, and we share One Future.
2. We, the Leaders of the G20, met in New Delhi on 9-10 September 2023, under the theme ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’. We meet at a defining moment in history where the decisions we make now will determine the future of our people and our planet. It is with the philosophy of living in harmony with our surrounding ecosystem that we commit to concrete actions to address global challenges.
3. G20 cooperation is essential in determining the course the world takes. Headwinds to global economic growth and stability persist. Years of cascading challenges and crises have reversed gains in the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue to increase, with climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, drought, land degradation and desertification threatening lives and livelihoods. Rising commodity prices, including food and energy prices are contributing to cost of living pressures. Global challenges like poverty and inequality, climate change, pandemics and conflicts disproportionately affect women and children, and the most vulnerable.
4. Together we have an opportunity to build a better future. Just energy transitions can improve jobs and livelihoods, and strengthen economic resilience. We affirm that no country should have to choose between fighting poverty and fighting for our planet. We will pursue development models that implement sustainable, inclusive and just transitions globally, while leaving no one behind.
5. As Leaders of G20, the premier global forum for international economic cooperation, we resolve to act in concrete ways through partnerships. We commit to:

a. Accelerate strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth.

b. Accelerate the full and effective implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

c. Pursue low-GHG/low-carbon emissions, climate-resilient and environmentally sustainable development pathways by championing an integrated and inclusive approach. We will urgently accelerate our actions to address development and climate challenges, promote Lifestyles for Sustainable Development (LiFE), and conserve biodiversity, forests and oceans.

d. Improve access to medical countermeasures and facilitate more supplies and production capacities in developing countries to prepare better for future health emergencies.

e. Promote resilient growth by urgently and effectively addressing debt vulnerabilities in developing countries.

f. Scale up financing from all sources for accelerating progress on SDGs. 2 Zero Draft

g. Accelerate efforts and enhance resources towards achieving the Paris Agreement, including its temperature goal.

h. Pursue reforms for better, bigger and more effective Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to address global challenges to maximise developmental impact.

i. Improve access to digital services and digital public infrastructure, and leverage digital transformation opportunities to boost sustainable and inclusive growth.

j. Promote sustainable, quality, healthy, safe and gainful employment.

k. Close gender gaps and promote the full, equal, effective and meaningful participation of women in the economy as decision-makers. l. Better integrate the perspectives of developing countries, including LDCs, LLDCs, and SIDS, into future G20 agenda and strengthen the voice of developing countries in global decision making.

One Earth, One Family, and One Future.

“Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 168, Date: 3rd Sept. 2023
Theme: Aditya L1 Sun Mission of India

Lagrange Points

Lagrange points, also known as Lagrangian points or simply L- points, are specific locations in space where the gravitational forces of two large objects, such as a planet and its moon or a planet and the Sun, balance the centrifugal force felt by a smaller object, like a satellite or spacecraft. These points were named after the French-Italian mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange, who studied them in the late 18th century.

There are five Lagrange points associated with the Earth-Sun system, denoted as L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5:

L1 (Lagrange Point 1): This point lies along the line connecting the two larger bodies (Earth and the Sun) and is located closer to the smaller body (Earth). Objects placed at L1 maintain a nearly constant position relative to the Earth as they orbit the Sun.

Lagrange points are of great interest to space missions and astronomy. For instance, the L1 point is used for solar observatories like the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) because it allows a continuous view of the Sun. L2 is used for missions like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as it provides a stable environment and is shielded from the Sun’s radiation and Earth’s atmosphere.

India’s Aditya spacecraft (satellite) will be placed in L1 (Lagrange Point 1) in next 125 days and revolve around the Sun.

Aditya L1 Mission

Aditya L1 shall be the first space based Indian mission to study the Sun. The spacecraft shall be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million km from the Earth. A satellite placed in the halo orbit around the L1 point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any occultation/eclipses. This will provide a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and its effect on space weather in real time.

The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium

The suits of Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particle and fields etc.

https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html

Aditya L1 Mission Brochure from ISRO website
https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/AdityaL1_Mission_Brochure.pdf

The Sun

Though Sun is special to us, there are billions of stars like our sun scattered across the Milky Way galaxy in the Universe. The Sun is located in one of the spiral arms of the Milky Way known as the Orion Arm, situated roughly halfway from the galactic center to the outer edge.

Our Sun is a 4.5 billion-year-old star – a hot glowing ball of hydrogen and helium in plasma state at the center of our solar system. The Sun is about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers) from Earth, and without its energy, life as we know it could not exist here on our home planet.

The Sun is the largest object in our solar system. The Sun’s volume would need 1.3 million Earths to fill it. Its gravity holds the solar system together, keeping everything from the biggest planets to the smallest bits of debris in orbit around it. The hottest part of the Sun is its core, where temperatures top 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius). The Sun’s activity, from its powerful eruptions to the steady stream of charged particles it sends out, influences the nature of space throughout the solar system.

Sun’s influence extends far beyond the orbits of distant Neptune and Pluto. Without the sun’s intense energy and heat, there would be no life on Earth. And. If the sun were as tall as a typical front door, the Earth would be the size of a U.S. nickel (coin).

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/in-depth/

Few Interesting information about Sun

Age and Lifespan: The Sun is approximately 4.5 billion years old and is considered middle-aged. It is expected to remain in its current state for another 5 billion years before it enters the later stages of its life.

Composition: The Sun is primarily composed of hydrogen (about 74%) and helium (about 24%). Trace amounts of other elements make up the remaining 2% of its mass.

Size: The Sun is massive, with a diameter of about 109 times that of Earth. Its volume is so vast that it could fit over 1.3 million Earths inside it.

Rotation: In the year 1612, Galileo Galilei first discovered that the Sun rotates on its axis once in every 27 days. However, its equator, the mid-region of the Sun spins the faster and takes about 24 days to rotate, while the poles take more than 30 days.

Energy Production: The Sun’s core is incredibly hot, with temperatures exceeding 15 million degrees Celsius (27 million degrees Fahrenheit). It generates energy through nuclear fusion, where hydrogen atoms combine to form helium, releasing immense amounts of energy in the process.

Light Travel Time: It takes roughly 8 minutes and 20 seconds for sunlight to reach Earth, traveling at the speed of light. This means that when you look at the Sun, you’re actually seeing it as it was over 8 minutes ago.

Solar Flares and Sunspots: The Sun experiences periodic bursts of energy called solar flares and dark, cooler regions known as sunspots. These solar activities can impact Earth’s magnetic field and communication systems.

Solar Wind: The Sun constantly emits a stream of charged particles known as the solar wind. When this wind interacts with Earth’s magnetic field, it creates phenomena like the Northern and Southern Lights (Auroras).

Energy Output: The Sun radiates an enormous amount of energy. In one second, it emits more energy than humanity has consumed throughout all of history.

Solar Variability: The Sun goes through an approximately 11-year cycle of solar activity known as the solar cycle. During periods of high activity, there are more sunspots and solar flares, while during solar minimums, the Sun is quieter.

Importance for Life: The Sun is vital for life on Earth. Its energy powers photosynthesis in plants, providing the basis for the food chain. It also regulates Earth’s climate and weather patterns.

Future Evolution: Eventually, the Sun will exhaust its hydrogen fuel and expand into a red giant, engulfing the inner planets, including Earth, before eventually cooling and becoming a white dwarf.

Solar Missions: Numerous space missions, like the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the Parker Solar Probe, have been launched to study the Sun up close and better understand its behavior. Aditya L1 Mission of India will add value to previous and ongoing solar missions.

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 167, Date: 27th Aug. 2023
Theme: Tribute to Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak – The Toilet man of India

Over the years, his organization, Sulabh International, also helped many Indian cities set up 10,123 pay-per-use public toilets that were clean and safe. The organization also constructed 15, 91, 185 household toilets, 32, 541 school toilets, 2,454 slum community toilets, 200 biogas plants, Museum of Toilets, World’s largest toilet and bathing complex and many other things.

The concept – one rupee for a pee and two rupees for a poo – quickly caught on in a country where using a toilet in public often meant squatting behind a tree.

His work in challenging India’s tenacious caste discrimination, which puts those at the bottom of the social hierarchy at a disadvantage, and uplifting more than 10,000 manual scavengers, mostly Dalits (formerly untouchables), has also been widely recognized.

During his lifetime, Mr. Pathak won many prestigious Indian and global awards. As his popularity grew, the press dubbed him “Mr. Sanitation” and “The Toilet Man of India” In a report, the Washington Post described him as a “mini revolutionary,” and he figured in the Economist Global Diversity List in 2015. He was also awarded the Gandhi Peace Prize in 2016.

In 1991, Pathak was awarded the Padma Bhushan for his work in liberating and rehabilitating manual scavengers and also for preventing environmental pollution by providing pour-flush toilet technology. In 1989 he once led 100 girls from families of manual scavengers in Rajasthan state into a temple, where Dalits were traditionally barred from entering, and ate a meal in public with them.

In recent years, Sulabh International has also tied up with the Indian government’s flagship programme, Swachh Bharat Mission, which aims to end open defecation and promote hygiene.

Mr. Pathak, who often said that his “priority in life was to solve the problem of sanitation for people” and that “I love this work more than my sons and daughters”, was deeply influenced by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, India’s independence movement leader.

Mr. Pathak claims that even as a young child, he was acutely aware of his privilege and perplexed by the harsh realities of the caste system, which governed life in his village in every way. He was born into an upper-caste Brahmin family in Rampur Baghel village, Vaishali, Bihar.

Pathak did his graduation in sociology in 1964 from the Banaras Hindu University. He earned his master’s degree in 1980 and his PhD in 1985 from the University of Patna. He established the Sulabh International Social Service in 1970 with the aim of resolving the country’s sanitation problems.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindeshwar_Pathak

The first of its kind in the world, the Sulabh International Museum of Toilets, was set up in New Delhi in 1994. The curation of this unique museum is such that it narrates the story of toilet evolution through artefacts, pictures, posters and other available materials. The museum is hugely popular and has been profiled by the likes The Time Magazine and the Discovery Channel. Thousands visit the museum every year.

In the year 2012, at the behest of India’s Supreme Court, Sulabh steps in to provide care for the widows living in the government shelters in Vrindavan (Uttar Pradesh). Since then Sulabh has been providing humanitarian services to thousands of widows innovative ways. Many widows are now celebrating Holi and Diwali as a result of Dr. Bindeswar Pathak.

Sulabh inaugurated the world’s largest toilet complex in Pandharpur, Maharashtra, with 2,858 toilet seats in 2015. It has bathing and locker facilities that are used by four thousand people every day. Additionally, 36 public toilets have been constructed. These toilets are monitored around the clock and are disabled-friendly.

“Great things are achieved when knowledge is combined with action.” – Dr. Bideshwar Pathak

Late Dr. Bideshwar Pathak, the renowned social reformer, deserves our respect and admiration.

Our tribute to him. 🙏

Bishnu

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No. – 166, Date: 20th Aug. 2023
Theme: Richard Turere – The Young Inventor and conservationis

After a few weeks of contemplation and experimentation, he devised an innovative, simple, and low-cost system to keep the predators at bay. With little to no access to technical information, Turere put together an automated lighting system using LED bulbs from broken flashlights and a car battery powered by a solar panel that also powers the family’s television. These “Lion Lights” are designed to flash intermittently, tricking lions into thinking someone is walking around with a flashlight.

This solution has been so successful that several families have asked for Lion Lights; over 2000 such systems have been rigged up around Kenya. Invention saves tourism, too. Tourism is key in helping support the national economy in Kenya, and thousands of tourists visit Nairobi National Park every year to see wildlife.

He is the founder and innovator of Lion Lights, an innovation widely recognised for its singular ingenuity in promoting a sustainable, peaceful coexistence between humans and wildlife. Richard has been honoured to speak within various forums, both local and global, such as the TED Global Stage in California, USA; the Let’s Go Festival in Brazil; La Ciudad de Las Ideas, Mexico; the Lion Week Festival in Hong Kong; the Jack Ma Talk as a Special Invited Guest Speaker at the University of Nairobi; the Anzisha Prize in Johannesburg, South Africa; the Conservation Business Forum as a recognised youth expert in Kigali, Rwanda.

https://www.lion-lights.org/about/

Our students, and young people should take inspiration from Richard and do something similar in order to address issues facing society.

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 165, Date: 13th Aug. 2023
Theme: Salute to Indian Army – Our Defender

The predecessors to the contemporary Army of India were many: the sepoy regiments, native cavalry, irregular horse and Indian sapper and miner companies raised by the three British presidencies. The Army of India was raised under the British Raj in the 19th century by taking the erstwhile presidency armies, merging them, and bringing them under the Crown. The British Indian Army fought in both World Wars.

The armed forces succeeded the military of British India following India’s independence in 1947. After World War II, many of the wartime troops were discharged and units disbanded. The reduced armed forces were partitioned between India and Pakistan. The Indian Armed Forces fought in all four wars against Pakistan and two wars against the People’s Republic of China in 1962 and 1967 (Nathu La – Cho La clashes). India also fought in the Kargil War with Pakistan in 1999, the highest altitude mountain warfare in history. The Indian Armed Forces have participated in several United Nations peacekeeping operations and are presently the second largest contributor of troops to the peacekeeping force.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_India

The Indian Army is one of the best armies in the world.

Jai Hind 🙏
Bishnu

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No. – 164, Date: 6th Aug. 2023
Theme: Power of Believe / Positive Mindset

There are many inspiring stories in https://storyworks.in/storybanks/

“When you believe, your mind will find a way.” – David J. Schwartz

The power of belief is the transformative impact of our beliefs on our lives and actions. Positive beliefs increase confidence, motivation, and resilience, driving us to achieve goals and overcome challenges. Negative beliefs limit our potential and limit our ability to succeed.

While belief alone doesn’t guarantee success, it significantly influences attitudes and actions. Cultivating positive beliefs and maintaining a hopeful outlook contribute to a more optimistic and fulfilling life journey. Balancing belief with realism and taking practical steps towards goals is essential for lasting success and personal growth.

Cultivating the power of belief involves developing a positive mindset, setting clear goals, visualizing success, practicing positive affirmations, and surrounding oneself with supportive positive thinking people who believe in one’s potential. These strategies help build confidence, boost assurance, and reinforce positive beliefs about one’s capabilities.

”Trust yourself. You know more than you think you do.” – Dr. Benjamin Spock

Bishnu 🙏

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No. – 163, Date: 9th July 2023
Theme: India’s Moon Missions

The Earth’s Moon is the fifth largest of the 200+ moons orbiting planets in our solar system.

Earth’s only natural satellite is simply called “the Moon” because people didn’t know other moons existed until Galileo Galilei discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610.

In Latin, the moon is called Luna.

Earth’s Moon is the only place beyond Earth where humans have set foot.

Interesting things about the Moon

The Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite.

It goes around the Earth at a distance of about 385,000 kilometres.

The Moon’s diameter is about 3,500 km, more than a quarter of Earth’s, with the face of the Moon comparable to the width of Australia. The whole surface area of the Moon is about 38 million square kilometres, roughly the size of the Americas (North and South America) and Africa.

The Moon’s mass is 1/81 of Earth’s, making it the second densest among the planetary moons and having the second highest surface gravity after Io at 0.1654 g and an escape velocity of 2.38 km/s (8600 km/h; 5300 mph).

The Moon has a solid and rocky surface.

The Moon has a very thin and tenuous atmosphere called an exosphere. It is not breathable.

The Moon has no moons and no rings.

The Earth and Moon are tidally locked. Their rotations are so in sync that we only see one side of the Moon. Humans didn’t see the far side of the moon until a Soviet spacecraft flew past in 1959.
More than 105 robotic spacecraft have been launched to explore the Moon. It is the only celestial body beyond Earth, so far, visited by humans.

Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin were the first of 12 human beings to walk on the Moon. Four of America’s moonwalkers are still alive: Aldrin (Apollo 11), David Scott (Apollo 15), Charles Duke (Apollo 16), and Harrison Schmitt (Apollo 17).

In all, 24 American astronauts made the trip from Earth to the Moon between 1968 and 1972. Three astronauts made the journey from Earth to the Moon twice: James Lovell (Apollo 8 and Apollo 13), John Young (Apollo 10 and Apollo 16), and Gene Cernan (Apollo 10 and Apollo 17).

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/890/who-has-walked-on-the-moon/

Apollo astronauts brought back a total of 382 kilogrammes of lunar rocks and soil to Earth. We are still studying them.

Few countries, i.e., the USA, Russia, China, Japan, the EU, and India, have made missions to the Moon.

Chandrayan – 1 (2008)

Chandrayaan-1 was the first Indian lunar probe under the Chandrayaan programme. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in October 2008 and operated until August 2009. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. India launched the spacecraft using a PSLV-XL rocket on October 22 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The mission was a major boost to India’s space programme [8] as India researched and developed indigenous technology to explore the Moon. The vehicle was inserted into lunar orbit on November 8, 2008.
On November 14, 2008, the Moon Impact Probe separated from the Chandrayaan orbiter at 14:36 UTC and struck the south pole in a controlled manner.

Chandrayaan-1 explored the presence of water on the moon along with other scientific studies.

Chandrayaan – 2 (2019)

Chandrayaan-2 is the second lunar exploration mission developed by ISRO after Chandrayaan-1. It consists of a lunar orbiter, a lander, and the Pragyan rover, all of which were developed in India. The main scientific objective is to map and study the variations in lunar surface composition as well as the location and abundance of lunar water.
The spacecraft was launched from the second launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra Pradesh on July 22, 2019 at 09:13:12 UTC by a LVM3-M1 rocket. The craft reached the Moon’s orbit on August 20 and began orbital positioning manoeuvres for the landing of the Vikram lander. The lander and the rover were scheduled to land on the near side of the moon in the south polar region at a latitude of about 70° south on September 6, 2019.
However, the lander crashed when it deviated from its intended trajectory while attempting to land on September 6, 2019. According to a failure analysis report submitted to ISRO, the crash was caused by a software glitch.

Chandrayaan -3 (2023)

Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate end-to-end capability for safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. It consists of Lander and Rover configurations. It was launched by LVM3 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota. The propulsion module is carrying the lander and rover configuration to a 100-kilometre lunar orbit. The propulsion module has a Spectro-Polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload to study the spectral and polarimetric measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit.

Lander payloads: Chandra’s Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) to measure the thermal conductivity and temperature; Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) to measure the seismicity around the landing site; Langmuir Probe (LP) to estimate the plasma density and its variations. A passive Laser Retroreflector Array from NASA is used for lunar laser ranging studies.

Rover payloads: Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) for deriving the elemental composition in the vicinity of the landing site.

Chandrayaan-3 consists of an indigenous landing module (LM), a propulsion module (PM), and a Rover with the objective of developing and demonstrating new technologies required for interplanetary missions. The Lander will have the capability to soft land at a specified lunar site and deploy the Rover, which will carry out in-situ chemical analysis of the lunar surface during the course of its mobility. The Lander and the Rover have scientific payloads to carry out experiments on the lunar surface. The main function of PM is to carry the LM from launch vehicle injection until the final lunar 100-km circular polar orbit and separate the LM from PM. Apart from this, the Propulsion Module also has one scientific payload as a value addition, which will be operated post-separation of the Lander Module. The launcher identified for Chandrayaan-3 is LVM3 M4, which will place the integrated module in an Elliptic Parking Orbit (EPO) of size 170 x 36500 km.

The mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3 are:
1.To demonstrate Safe and Soft Landing on the lunar surface

2. To demonstrate Rover roving on the moon and
3. To conduct in-situ scientific experiments.

https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_Details.html

Please down load Chandrayaan – 3 Brochure for details.

https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/LVM3/LVM3M4_Chandrayaan3_brochure.pdf

Let’s wait until August 23, 2023, for a great achievement on the moon’s surface by India.

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 162, Date: 9th July 2023
Theme: A simple Magic

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No. – 160, Date: 2nd July 2023
Theme: Power of Steam Engines

Steam engines were used in a variety of applications, including:

I. Powering pumps: Steam engines were first used to power pumps, which were used to drain mines and provide water for factories.

II. Providing motive power for ships: Steam engines were used to power ships, which revolutionised transportation and made it possible to travel long distances quickly and efficiently.

III. Providing motive power for locomotives: Steam locomotives were used to power trains, which made it possible to transport goods and people over long distances quickly and efficiently.

IV. Generating electricity: Steam engines were used to generate electricity, which was used to power homes, businesses, and factories.

V. Providing power for machinery: Steam engines were used to power a variety of machinery, including textile mills, sawmills, and printing presses.

VI. Providing power for agricultural equipment: Steam engines were used to power a variety of agricultural equipment, including threshers, ploughs, and harvesters.

A steam engine is a heat engine that uses steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be transformed, by a connecting rod and crank, into rotational force for work.

The basic components of a steam engine are:

Boiler: The boiler is where the water is heated to produce steam. The boiler is typically made of steel or cast iron and has a firebox where fuel is burned.

Cylinder: The cylinder is where the steam expands and pushes the piston. The cylinder is typically made of cast iron or steel and has a piston that moves back and forth inside it.

Piston: The piston is a disk-shaped object that moves back and forth inside the cylinder. The piston is connected to a connecting rod, which converts the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion.

Connecting rod: The connecting rod is a long, slender rod that connects the piston to the crank. The connecting rod converts the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion.

Crank: The crank is a rotating arm that is connected to the connecting rod. The crank converts the rotational motion of the connecting rod into rotational motion of the output shaft.

The steam engine works in the following steps:

1. Water is heated in the boiler until it boils and turns into steam.
2. The steam is then admitted into the cylinder.
3. The steam expands and pushes the piston back and forth.
4. The connecting rod converts the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion.
5. The crank converts the rotational motion of the connecting rod into rotational motion of the output shaft.
6. The output shaft can then be used to power a machine or turn a wheel.

Steam engines can be categorized into two main types: reciprocating engines and turbine engines.
Reciprocating engines use pistons to convert the force of steam into rotational motion. Turbine engines use rotating blades to convert the force of steam into rotational motion.

Reciprocating engines were the most common type of steam engine used during the Industrial Revolution. They were used to power a variety of machines and vehicles, including locomotives, ships, and pumps. Turbine engines are more efficient than reciprocating engines, but they are also more complex and expensive. They are typically used in large power plants to generate electricity.

The steam engine was not invented by a single individual but rather evolved over time through the contributions of various inventors and engineers. However, one of the most significant figures associated with the development of the steam engine is James Watt.

James Watt, a Scottish engineer, is often credited with making substantial improvements to the design and efficiency of the steam engine. In the 18th century, Watt developed a separate condenser that prevented the loss of steam and greatly increased the engine’s efficiency. His innovations, including the rotary motion and the double-acting engine, played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of steam power during the Industrial Revolution.

It’s worth noting that the concept of using steam to produce mechanical work predates Watt’s contributions. Early steam engines and devices utilizing steam power were developed by inventors such as Thomas Savery and Thomas Newcomen. However, it was James Watt’s refinements and improvements that significantly advanced the technology and made steam engines more practical and efficient.

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 159 Date: 25th June 2023
Theme: C R Rao: The man who revolutionized statistics

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No. – 158, Date: 18th June 2023
Theme: Food Preservation

Food Security: Food preservation plays a critical role in ensuring food security, especially in regions or times when food supplies may be limited. By preserving food during times of abundance, we can create reserves that can be accessed during times of scarcity or emergencies.

Convenience: Preserved foods provide convenience and flexibility in meal planning and preparation. Canned, frozen, or dried foods offer quick and easy meal options that can be readily available, especially when fresh ingredients are not accessible or time is limited.

Reduced Food Waste: Food preservation helps to reduce food waste by preventing spoilage and extending the usability of food items. By preserving surplus or excess food, we can avoid unnecessary discarding and make efficient use of available resources.

Nutritional Value: Certain preservation methods help retain the nutritional value of foods. Freezing, for example, can help preserve vitamins and minerals in fruits and vegetables, ensuring they remain nutritious even after storage.

Cost Savings: Preserving food at home or through commercial means can lead to cost savings. Buying food in bulk or during seasonal abundance and preserving it for later use can help reduce overall food costs.

Cultural and Traditional Significance: Preservation techniques often have deep cultural and traditional significance. They allow communities to preserve their traditional recipes, flavors, and food practices, maintaining their cultural identity across generations.

Various ways of food preservation:There are several methods used for food preservation.

Canning: Canning involves sealing food in airtight containers (such as jars or cans) and heating them to destroy microorganisms and enzymes that can cause spoilage. This method is commonly used for fruits, vegetables, meats, and soups. The two main canning methods are water bath canning (for acidic foods) and pressure canning (for low-acid foods).

Freezing: Freezing involves lowering the temperature of food to below freezing point to slow down microbial growth and enzymatic activity. Freezing helps preserve the quality and nutritional value of many foods, including fruits, vegetables, meats, seafood, and prepared meals. Proper packaging, such as airtight containers or freezer bags, is essential to prevent freezer burn.

Drying/Dehydration: Drying removes moisture from food, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. There are various drying methods, including sun drying, air drying, and using specialized food dehydrators or ovens. Drying is commonly used for fruits, vegetables, herbs, and jerky.

Salting: Salting involves applying salt to food to draw out moisture, making it inhospitable for microorganisms. This method is often used for preserving meats, fish, and some vegetables (e.g., pickles).

Smoking: Smoking exposes food to smoke from burning wood or other materials, imparting flavor and creating an acidic environment that inhibits bacterial growth. Smoking is commonly used for meats, fish, and cheeses.

Fermentation: Fermentation involves the conversion of carbohydrates into alcohol, organic acids, or gases by microorganisms like yeast or bacteria. Fermentation can preserve and transform food, enhancing flavor and texture. Examples include fermented vegetables (e.g., sauerkraut, kimchi), fermented dairy products (e.g., yogurt, cheese), and fermented beverages (e.g., wine, beer).

Pickling: Pickling involves preserving food in an acidic solution, usually vinegar or brine. The acidity inhibits microbial growth. Pickling is commonly used for vegetables, fruits, and eggs.

Vacuum Packaging: Vacuum packaging removes air from around the food and seals it in airtight packaging. This method helps inhibit the growth of spoilage-causing microorganisms and preserves the quality of the food. It is commonly used for meats, cheese, and other perishable items.

Pasteurization: Pasteurization involves heating food to a specific temperature to kill or inactivate pathogens and extend shelf life. It is commonly used for dairy products, juices, and some canned goods.
Each preservation method has its own advantages and is suitable for different types of foods. The choice of method depends on factors such as the type of food, desired shelf life, storage conditions, and personal preferences.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_preservation

While food preservation using chemicals can be effective, there are potential health issues associated with the use of certain chemical preservatives. It’s significant to note that food safety authorities regulate the use of chemicals in food preservation to ensure that their use is within acceptable limits and doesn’t pose serious health risks.

Some concerns associated with the use of chemical preservatives

Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to certain chemical preservatives. For example, sulfites, which are commonly used in dried fruits, wine, and processed foods, can trigger allergic reactions, including asthma attacks, in susceptible individuals.

Adverse Effects on Health: Certain chemical preservatives, such as nitrites and nitrates, are used in cured meats like bacon and hot dogs. These compounds can form nitrosamines, which are potential carcinogens. Prolonged and excessive consumption of foods containing nitrites and nitrates may increase the risk of certain cancers.

Sodium Intake: Some chemical preservatives, such as sodium benzoate and sodium nitrate, contain sodium. Excessive sodium intake is associated with various health issues, including high blood pressure, heart disease, and kidney problems. It is important to monitor overall sodium consumption and choose low-sodium alternatives when possible.

Additive Interactions: Some chemical preservatives may interact with other additives or ingredients in food, resulting in the formation of potentially harmful compounds. For example, the combination of nitrites and certain amines found in meat can produce nitrosamines, which are associated with increased cancer risk.

Development of Antibiotic Resistance: Antibiotics are sometimes used as preservatives in certain foods, such as poultry and seafood. Overuse or improper use of antibiotics can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can pose significant health risks and make infections harder to treat.

To address these concerns, regulatory agencies set maximum allowable levels for chemical preservatives in food products. They also evaluate the safety of these additives based on scientific evidence and conduct risk assessments to ensure they are used within safe limits.

Consumers can make informed choices by reading food labels, being aware of potential allergens or additives they wish to avoid, and opting for fresh, minimally processed foods whenever possible. It’s important to follow dietary guidelines, maintain a balanced diet, and consult healthcare professionals if there are specific health concerns or sensitivities.

People living in urban areas will not be able to stop consuming processed and preserved foods completely due to their busy working schedules and other engagements.

One can minimize health damage by consuming home-made food and fresh fruits and vegetables.

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 157, Date: 11th June 2023
Theme: It’s all AI from ELIZA to ChatGPT

ChatGPT is designed to engage in natural language conversations with users, providing information, answering questions, and engaging in discussions on a wide range of topics. It can understand and generate text, making it capable of simulating human-like conversation. ChatGPT has been trained on a vast array of topics, enabling it to provide knowledgeable responses and assist users in various domains.
However, it’s important to note that ChatGPT is an AI model and its responses are generated based on patterns in the training data. While it strives to provide accurate and helpful information, there may be instances where its responses are incorrect or misleading. It’s always a good idea to verify information from reliable sources.”

What is Chatbot ?

A chatbot is a computer program or an AI (Artificial Intelligence) system designed to simulate human conversation through text or voice interactions. It uses natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques to understand and respond to user queries or commands.

Chatbots can be found in various platforms, such as messaging applications, websites, or voice assistants. They are programmed to handle a range of tasks, including answering frequently asked questions, providing customer support, assisting with transactions, offering recommendations, and engaging in general conversation.

There are two main types of chatbots:

Rule-based chatbots: These chatbots follow predefined rules and patterns. They are programmed with a set of if-then statements that determine their responses based on specific keywords or patterns in the user’s input. Rule-based chatbots are relatively simple and can provide accurate responses within their predefined scope, but they may struggle with understanding complex or unexpected queries.

AI-powered chatbots: These chatbots utilize artificial intelligence techniques, such as machine learning and natural language processing, to understand and generate responses. They are trained on large datasets and can handle a broader range of user inputs. AI-powered chatbots can learn from interactions, improve their responses over time, and adapt to different contexts. They are more flexible and capable of engaging in more natural and dynamic conversations.

Both types of chatbots have their advantages and limitations, depending on the complexity of the task and the desired user experience. Chatbots have gained popularity due to their ability to automate customer interactions, provide 24/7 support, and enhance user experiences by offering quick and personalized responses.

What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) ?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans. It is a multidisciplinary field of computer science that aims to create intelligent systems capable of perceiving, reasoning, learning, and making decisions.

AI systems typically employ techniques such as machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics to process and analyze large amounts of data, extract patterns and insights, and perform tasks that traditionally required human intelligence.

Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that focuses on developing algorithms and models that enable machines to learn from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed. ML algorithms learn from examples and experiences to recognize patterns, make predictions, or take actions.

There are different levels of AI, including:

Narrow AI: Also known as weak AI, narrow AI is designed to perform specific tasks or solve particular problems. Examples include voice assistants like Siri or Alexa, recommendation systems, and image recognition algorithms.

General AI: Also referred to as strong AI or artificial general intelligence (AGI), general AI aims to possess the ability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a wide range of tasks and domains. It represents human-level intelligence and is capable of performing any intellectual task that a human being can do.

Superintelligent AI: This refers to AI systems that surpass human intelligence across all domains. Superintelligent AI is hypothetical and represents a level of intelligence that exceeds human capabilities in virtually every aspect.

AI has numerous applications across various fields, including healthcare, finance, transportation, manufacturing, education, and more. It has the potential to automate repetitive tasks, enhance decision-making, improve efficiency, and unlock new possibilities for innovation and problem-solving. However, the development of AI also raises important ethical, social, and economic considerations that need to be carefully addressed.

The Hindu Editorial (3rd June 2023) on AI

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is AI that can create new data. There are many instances of generative AI in the world today, most commonly used to generate text, images, and code in response to users’ requests, even if they are capable of more. Their widespread adoption really embellished their capabilities, leading to awe, then worry. OpenAI’s ChatGPT chatbot mimics intelligence very well; today, it has become synonymous with the abilities of generative AI at large. In the last few years, AI models backed by neural networks trained on very large datasets and with access to sufficient computing power have been used to do good, such as finding new antibiotics and alloys, for clever entertainment and cultural activities, and for many banal tasks, but it has caught attention most notably with its ability to falsify data. The world is past being able to reliably differentiate between data that faithfully reflects reality and data made to look that way by bad-faith actors using AI. This and other developments led a prominent group of AI pioneers to draft a single-sentence, and alarmist, statement: “Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war.” Dishonest actors wielding AI are one of many threats, but the statement is too simple to admit the complexity of human society.

Bishnu 🙏

A Few Interesting Information:
# Google also launched its experimental Genrative AI chatbot, namely BARD, on February 3, 2023. https://bard.google.com/

# Joseph Weizenbaum of MIT created ELIZA in 1966, which was the first innovative chatbot. It was designed to mimic human conversation and interact with humans.

# Nearly 77 percent of all devices use AI technology in one form or another. The global AI market is booming and is predicted to reach 190 billion dollars by 2025, at a compound annual growth rate of 36 percent.

# Dall-E is an AI system developed by OpenAI creates art from virtually any natural language description using AI and ML.

# Kismet is a robot that can recognise emotions through human body language and voice tone.

# Sophia, the humanoid (robot) developed by Hanson Robotics, is the most advanced human like robot. She an excellent combination of science, engineering, and artistry with AI powered communication skills. Sophia became the world’s first robot citizen.

# SmarterChild is a chatbot running on the AOL Instant Messenger and MSN Messenger networks.

# IBM created a chatbot named WATSON in 2006 as a conversational agent.

# StarCraft II, Chess Checkers, and Poker are some of the games where artificial intelligence has beaten human intelligence.

# There are several movies with serious AI-plots. The best examples include The Iron Man series, The Avengers and The Terminator.

# In the short story, The Sandman, written by the German writer E.T.A. Hoffmann in 1816, there is an AI character that is so convincingly real that the protagonist falls in love with her. Only later did he realise that the creature was so smitten by was a machine.

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No. – 156, Date: 4th June 2023
Theme: Tragic Train Accident in Odisha

A preliminary probe has indicated that a signalling failure may have caused the collision.

In its report for 2022, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) stated that Indian Railways, with its 17 zonal railways, works as a single system consisting of 65,956 route kilometres of track on which more than 21,648 trains run, carrying about 22.15 million passengers and hauling nearly 3.32 million metric tonnes of freight every day (published in The New Indian Express, Bhubaneswar, June 4, 2023).

The total number of cases of derailment-led consequential crashes since 2017-18 is 246. Year-wise derailments and crashes are 2017–18: 257 (55), 2018–19: 526 (48). 2019–20: 399 (45), 2020–21: 210 (15). 2021–22: 468 (35) and 2022–23: Derailment data is not available, but there were 48 crashes. (Published in The New Indian Express, Bhubaneswar, June 4, 2023).

The Indian Railway has indigenously developed an anti-collision system called KAVACH. Kavach works with the support of high-frequency radio communication and automatically activates the breaking system when it spots two trains coming on the same rail track from opposite directions. It warns the train pilots and takes control of breaking systems on trains. The covered system currently covers only 1,445 route kilometres. Sadly, neither the Coromandel Express nor the Yeshwantpur Express are covered under the KAVACH system.

The Indian Railway, the Government of Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, the Govt. of India, and people are doing their best in rescue operations, treating injured people, and restoring the train line.

Let’s hope there are no such terrific train accidents in the future.

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 155, Date: 28th May 2023
Theme: New Parliament Building of India

The new parliament building is being developed as an eco-friendly, modern communication and security structure with an energy-saving structure with Indian heritage and diversity to represent different aspects of our country. Teak wood from Nagpur (Maharashtra), carpets from Mirzapur (UP), bamboo from Tripura, and stone carvings from Rajsthan are used in the building.

The new building has a “People’s Wall” dedicated to different art forms of the country, i.e., Kohbar and Sohrai paintings from Jharkhand, Patochitro from West Bengal, Kalamkari from Andhra Pradesh, and many other tribal and local arts across states.

https://centralvista.gov.in/new-parliament-building.php

Our constitution entrusts Parliament with the power to pass laws. It is a responsibility that requires careful consideration of every aspect of the law before Parliament puts its stamp of approval on it.

Apart from making laws, the parliament is engaged in many functions, i.e., legislative function, financial function, debating function, constituent function, electoral function, judicial representation, representation, control of the executive and ensuring its accountability, etc.

Let’s hope members of Parliament (people’s representatives) uphold our constitution and fulfil people’s aspirations while working from the new Parliament building of India.

Bishnu 🙏

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No. – 154, Date: 21st May 2023
Theme: Life Beyond Work

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No. – 153, Date: 14th May 2023
Theme: Creative Advertisement Happy Sunday and Happy Mother’s Day

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No. – 152, Date: 30th April 2023
Theme: The WhatsApp Story

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No. – 151, Date: 30th April 2023
Theme: Solar Thermal Power Plant

Energy from the Sun

The sun has produced energy for billions of years and is the ultimate source for all of the energy sources and fuels that we use. People have used the sun’s rays (solar radiation) for thousands of years for warmth and to dry clothes, fruits, nuts, grains etc. Over time, people developed technologies to collect solar energy for heat and to convert it into electricity.

Solar energy can be harvested and utilized in several ways, depending on the application and the amount of energy required.
Some of the most common methods of harvesting solar energy:

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Panels: Solar PV panels are the most widely used technology for harvesting solar energy. They convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials such as silicon.
Solar photovoltaic (PV) devices, or solar cells, convert sunlight directly into electricity. Small PV cells can power calculators, watches, and other small electronic devices. Larger solar cells are grouped in PV panels, and PV panels are connected in arrays that can produce electricity for a house, run irrigation pumps, machinery & equipment etc. Some PV power plants have large arrays that cover many acres to produce electricity for thousands of homes and other uses.

Solar Thermal Collectors: Solar thermal collectors use the energy from sunlight to heat a fluid, which can then be used to produce hot water, steam, or electricity. There are two main types of solar thermal collectors: flat-plate collectors and concentrating collectors.

A solar oven (a box for collecting and absorbing sunlight) is an example of a simple solar energy collection device. In the 1830s, British astronomer John Herschel used a solar oven to cook food during an expedition to Africa. People now use many different technologies for collecting and converting solar radiation into useful heat energy for a variety of purposes.

We use solar thermal energy systems to heat:

• Water for homes, buildings, etc.
• Air inside homes, greenhouses, and other buildings
• Fluids in solar thermal power plants

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP): Concentrated Solar Power systems use mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight onto a small area, which generates heat that is used to produce electricity. This method is often used in large-scale power plants.

Solar thermal power/electric generation systems collect and concentrate sunlight to produce the high temperature heat needed to generate electricity. All solar thermal power systems have solar energy collectors with two main components: reflectors (mirrors) that capture and focus sunlight onto a receiver. In most types of systems, a heat-transfer fluid is heated and circulated in the receiver and used to produce steam. The steam is converted into mechanical energy in a turbine, which powers a generator to produce electricity. Solar thermal power systems have tracking systems that keep sunlight focused onto the receiver throughout the day as the sun changes position in the sky. Solar thermal power plants usually have a large field or array of collectors that supply heat to a turbine and generator.

Passive Solar Design: Passive solar design uses the sun’s energy to heat and cool buildings without the use of mechanical systems. This can include designing buildings with large windows that face south to capture the sun’s warmth in the winter, or using natural ventilation to cool the building in the summer.

Solar Water Heating: Solar water heating systems use the sun’s energy to heat water for domestic or industrial use. This is achieved through the use of solar thermal collectors that heat a fluid, which in turn heats the water.

Solar energy has two main benefits

• Solar energy systems do not produce air pollutants or carbon dioxide.
• Solar energy systems on buildings have minimal effects on the environment.

Solar energy also has some limitations

• The availability and amount of sunlight that arrives at the earth’s surface varies depending on time of day, location, season of the year, and weather conditions.
• The amount of sunlight reaching a square foot of the earth’s surface is relatively small, so a large surface area is necessary to absorb or collect enough energy to be useful.

Information on various Solar Energy schemes of
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), GoI

https://mnre.gov.in/solar/schemes/

http://akshayurja.gov.in/res/renw-all-india-cp

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 150, Date: 23rd April 2023
Theme: Ramadan and Eid -ul- Fitr
Wishing Happy Eid -ul- Fitr to all 🙏

PS :The five pillars of Islam are the fundamental religious obligations that are central to the practice of Islam.

I. Shahada: The declaration of faith, which is the affirmation that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad (PBUH) is the messenger of Allah.

II. Salah: The obligatory daily prayers, which are performed five times a day.

III. Zakat is the giving of alms to the poor and needy, which is an obligation on Muslims who are financially able to do so. i.e., 2.5% of Muslim total savings and wealth above a minimum amount known as Nisab

IV. Sawm: fasting during the month of Ramadan, which involves abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset.

V. Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca, which is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims who are physically and financially able to make the journey.

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No. – 149, Date: 16th April 2023
Theme: The Bystander Effect

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No. – 148, Date: 9th April 2023
Theme: Easter Sunday

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No. – 147, Date: 2nd April 2023
Theme: Biomimicry: Nature as a Teacher

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No. – 146, Date: 26th March 2023
Theme: Dr. Lawrence Anthony – The Elephant Whisperer

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No. – 145, Date: 12th March 2023
Theme: The Elephant Whisperers

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No. – 144, Date: 12th March 2023
Theme: Linsay Pollak: The unique Musical Personality

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No. – 143 Date: 5th March 2023
Theme: The Legendary Kalinga Veer Tall Man Biju Patnaik

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No. – 142, Date: 26th Feb. 2023
Theme: Padma Awardee of 2023

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No. – 141, Date: 19th Feb. 2023
Theme: Mr. Hamad, from Abu Dhabi, is a car lover, collector, and “redesigner.”

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No. – 140, Date: 12th Feb. 2023
Theme: ❤️A Symbol of Love 🏨

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No. – 139, Date: 5th Feb. 2023
Theme: Behind One’s Success

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No. – 138 Date: 29th Jan. 2023
Theme: John Wooden – The Great Coach and Teacher

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No. – 137 Date: 22nd Jan. 2023
Theme: India’s Desert School

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No. – 136 Date: 15th Jan. 2023
Theme: Ganga Vilas – River Cruise

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No. – 135 Date: 08th Jan. 2023
Theme: Happiness Many people talked about happiness.

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No. – 134 Date: 1st Jan. 2023
Theme: Happy New Year – 2023

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No. – 133 Date: 25th Dec. 2022
Theme: Merry Christmas – 2022

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No. – 132 Date: 18th Dec. 2022
Theme: Mr. Bean

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No. – 131 Date: 11th Dec. 2022
Theme: Kolkata : The City of Joy

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Date: 27th Nov. 2022
Theme: Kashi – Tamil Sangamam – 2022

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128 Date: 20th Nov. 2022
Theme: You can still start something.

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127 Date: 13th Nov. 2022
Theme: Tips and Tricks

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126 Date: 6th Nov. 2022

Theme: Tribute to Ela Bhatt – Messiah of Self-Employed Women

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Invitation for contribution to a new book, The Sunday Sharing

Dear Colleagues, Friends, and Well-wishers,

Greetings 🙏

This book will be based on 52 videos already shared as The Sunday Sharing Links will be provided in the book for the respective videos on my website to watch these 52 videos.

Amarjeet Raushan, alumnus of IIFM, Bhopal has designed the cover page My JSLPS colleague, Partha Guha has agreed to edit the book. An eminent person will write the foreword for the book.

We are cordially inviting you to contribute to the book in the following ways

I. Write an article (chapter) on any of the shared videos in approximately 300 to 500 words. Give proper reference if you are taking information from the internet, books, magazines, etc.

Incentive: Your name will be published in the book along with your article. You will get Two (2) free paperback books of The Sunday Sharing and two (2) E- Books (Pdf version) The Buddha for All and The Sunday Sharing.
25 best articles will be selected by the authors and editor.
Copy rights will be with the authors.

II. Appreciation/praise for the book/The Sunday Sharing in approximately 30 to 40 words.
Incentive: Your name will be published in the book.
You will get one (1) free paperback book of The Sunday Sharing, Two (2) E- Books (Pdf version) The Buddha for All and The Sunday Sharing.
10 appreciations will be published in the book.

Please mention your full name, designation (present/past) / occupation to be published in the book 📕

III. Pre-order a minimum of 5 paperback books (gift the book to your family members and friends over the period on different occasions, i.e. birthdays, marriage anniversaries etc.).
There is no need to send any money now.

Incentives 25% discount on MPR of the book -free courier/speed post to your home.
Free Two (2) E- Books (Pdf version) The Buddha for All and The Sunday Sharing.

Articles and Appreciation can be mailed to E-mail: learning.leading.living@gmail.com
or WhatsApp on 9939221549 latest by 30th Sept. 2022 (Friday)

For any clarification, please call or message me.
Bishnu: M / W – 9939221549

Thanking you for partnering with us on the upcoming book: The Sunday Sharing👍🙏

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The Sunday Sharing (TSS) No. – 124

Theme: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II

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No. – 122, Date: 11th Sept. 2022

Theme: Contribution of Teachers to Society

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No. – 122, Date: 4th Sept. 2022

Theme: Lessons from Ants 🐜🐜🐜

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No. – 121, Date: 28th Aug. 2022

Theme: Col. Harland Sanders – The Celebrity Chef and promoter of KFC

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Special Sharing on Azadi Ka Amrit Mahostav

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No. – 119, Date: 14th Aug. 2022

Theme: Har Ghar Tiranga (The Tricolour)

Let’s fly/show our national flag in our homes from 13 – 15th Aug. 2022 as pride, dignity and respect to our motherland India.

https://harghartiranga.com/

Proud to be an Indian !

Jai Hind

Bishnu🙏

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No. – 118, Date: 7th Aug. 2022

Theme: Srikanth Bolla

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115, Date: 17th July 2022

Theme: Mentality of Honey Bee and Fly

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No. 114, Date: 10th July 2022

Theme: An Innovative way to reduce the use of Plastic Bags

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No. 113, Date: 3rd July 2022

Theme: Theme: Alternatives to Single-Use Plastic (SUP)

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No. 112, Date: 26th June 2022

Theme: Needs, Possessions and Choices in Life

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No. – 111, Date: 19th June 2022

Theme: Grit and Glory of Maj.

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No. – 110, Date: 12th June 2022

Theme: Co-existence of all Human beings in the Societies

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No. – 109, Date : 5th June 2022

Theme: Happy World Environment Day – 2022

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No. – 108, Date: 29th May 2022

Theme: Loving couple…unconditional Love

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No. – 107, Date: 22nd May 2022

Theme: International Biodiversity Day 🌎 (22nd May)

Biodiversity and Ecosystem services provide us food, fodder, fuel, water, medicine, timber and also help in Soil fertility, climate regulation and carbon storage which are essential for Human well-being.

Unfortunately Biodiversity is being eroded and ecosystem services degraded
due to overexploitation by humans, deforestation, agriculture, land use for urban settlement, pollution, alien species, climate change etc.

Biodiversity can be conserved by People -Govt- Pvt. effort, local communities with indigenous knowledge, application of technology and data-driven action, global partnership etc.

Bishnu 🙏

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No. – 106 Date: 15th May 2022

Theme: The Buddha for All

Please read my first book The Buddha for All

https://www.amazon.in/Buddha-All-Bishnu-C-Parida/dp/9391374182/

Paperback of the book in just Rs.200/– (available in my home and JSLPS office).
E-Book (Pdf version) is just Rs.100/– (by WhatsApp / E-mail after Google pay @ 9939221549)

Sales proceeds of the book will be donated to NGOs

Bishnu🙏
http://www.bishnucparida.in/my-book/

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No. – 105, Date: 8th May 2022

Theme: The Mother of orphans – Padmashree Sindhutai Sapkal

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No. – 104 Date: 1st May 2022

Theme: Message of Ramzan

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No. – 103 Date: 24th April 2022

Theme: Happy for Money

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No. – 102 Date: 17th April 2022.

Theme: Bharat Ratna Dr B R Ambedkar – The Champion of Justice and Dalit Rights

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No. – 101, Date: 10th April 2022.

Theme: Lord Shree Ram – The Transformative Leader

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No. – 100, Date: 3rd April 2022.

Theme: 100th Episode of The Sunday Sharing

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No. – 99, Date: 27th March 2022.

Theme: Sam – The young Billionaire and Philanthropist

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No. – 98, Date: 20th March 2022.

Theme: Significance of Colours

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No. – 97 , Date: 13th March 2022.

Theme: Remembering 8th March, Women’s Day promises

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No. – 96, Date: 6th March 2022.

Theme: Women’s Contribution to Society

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No. – 95 Date:  27th Feb.  2022

Theme: HOPE in the VUCA world

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No. – 94 Date: 20th Feb. 2022

Theme: Failure is a stepping stone to Success

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No. – 93 Date: 13th Feb. 2022

Theme: Lata Mangeshkar – The Daughter, Nightingale and Bharat Ratna of India

I will share a short video of Bollywood songs of Lata Ji directly to those who acknowledge the watching of this TSS post also add them to my broadcast list of TSS

Bishnu🙏

My Book

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No. – 92 Date: 6th Feb. 2022

Theme: Investing in Girls’ Education

Studies have shown that educated girls who manage things invest around 90% of their income into their families and communities, thus reducing poverty and improving health, safety, and education for everyone.

Let’s join hands and strengthen Girls’ education

Bishnu 🙏
http://www.bishnucparida.in/my-book/

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No. – 91 Date: 30th Jan. 2022

Theme: Israel: The country of many advancements and controversies

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No. – 88, Date: 9th Jan. 2022

Theme: Omicron – the Virus

“The next few weeks will be critical as Omicron surges. Need to manage without panic as the majority of cases likely to be mild. Test, isolate, avoid unnecessary medicine, mask up, work from home if possible, avoid crowds, get vaccinated if not already and follow Govt. advice.”

Let’s be careful and responsible!

Bishnu @ Ranchi 🙏

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No. – 87, Date: 2nd Jan. 2022

Theme: IKIGAI – The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life

Wishing Happy New Year – 2022 to all.

If you don’t know what your ikigai is yet, as Viktor Frankl says, your mission is to discover it

Bishnu @ Ranchi 🙏
http://www.bishnucparida.in/my-book/

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No. – 86, Date: 26th Dec. 2021

Theme: Christmas Sprit – Christmas Truce on the war front

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No. – 85, Date: 19th Dec. 2021

Theme: Courage and Wit during Crisis

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No. – 84, Date: 12th Dec. 2021

Theme: Grooming Children as Responsible Citizens in Japan

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No. – 83, Date: 5th Dec. 2021

Theme: Innovative Tricks of Mr. Vinoy … The Timing Wizard of the Internet

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No. – 82, Date: 28th Nov. 2021

Theme: Climate Champians – Creating Wealth from Waste while reducing Pollution and Protecting Climate

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No.- 81, Date: 21st Nov. 2021

Theme: Climate Disaster – The case of Aral Sea of Uzbekistan

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No.- 80, Date: 14th Nov. 2021

Theme: SoS call from creatures of Earth to Human beings

Animals, plants and marine species etc. are as important as human beings on earth. But unfortunately, many creatures (Plants, Animals, Birds, Fishes etc.) extinct & endangered.
https://www.iucn.org/resources/conservation-tools/iucn-red-list-threatened-species

Bishnu @ Ranchi 🙏

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No.-79, 7th Nov. 2021

Theme – Climate Change & COP26

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No. – 78, Date: 31st Oct. 2021

Theme: Happy Diwali – Let’s Lighten someone’s candle (life) this year

Wishes of Happy Diwali (Shubha Deepawali) – 2021 to all in advance. 👏👍🙏

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No. – 77, Date: 24th Oct. 2021

Theme: The Buddha for All – Lessons for All

The credit of this video goes to Amarjeet (IIFM), Prof. ORS Rao (IUJ), Hem Raj (JSLPS) and Shubhra

This book is dedicated to Corona warriors of Covid – 19 pandemic. Sale proceeds (up to next one year) of this book will be donated to a few NGOs. Please read it

Paperback of the book will be available next week.

Bishnu @ Ranchi 🙏
http://www.bishnucparida.in/my-book/

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No. – 76 Date: 17th Oct. 2021

Theme: Life Lessons from The Buddha

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No. – 75, Date: 10th Oct. 2021

Theme: 10 Curious Facts about Mahatma Gandhi

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No. – 74, Date: 3rd Oct. 2021

Theme: 10 Curious Facts about Mahatma Gandhi

Information:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi

Resources:
https://www.mkgandhi.org/main.htm

My article on Mahatma Gandhi
https://www.mkgandhi.org/main.htm

You must be the change you wish to see in the world – Mahatma Gandhi 👏

Bishnu 🙏

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No. – 73, Date: 26th Sept. 2021

Theme: Kamla Bhasin – The Feminist Activist, Poet & Author

Wikipedia link & and videos on life and works of Kamla Bhasin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamla_Bhasin

Miles to go before you sleep >>>
https://youtu.be/_Ar0u0CvB0s

Patriarchy Dehumanises Men
https://youtu.be/TXXVfGAzcYw

The Transformers (PRADAN series on CSO leaders)
https://youtu.be/nzGbQsIRP_Y

When Masculinity harms men – Power of Love (Satyamev Jayate)
https://youtu.be/aOLYIzJnKT4

EDUCATION is one of the weapons through which parents should empower their daughters

Bishnu @ Ranchi🙏

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No. – 72, Date: 19th Sept. 2021

Theme: Our Life is just like a Train Journey

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No. – 71 Date: 12th Sept. 2021

Theme: Leadership Lessons from Lord Shree Ram

In his incarnation as Shree Ram, Bhagwan Shree Vishnu (God) in Treta Yuga had led a real-human life that was inspiring and an example not only during that time but also for generations beyond.

He was a great charismatic and transformative leader who had moulded many ordinary people into successful leaders and achievers. Moreover, he had many leadership qualities which present-day leaders should emulate.

Some of his leadership qualities are Character (integrity), Courage, Commitment, Dedication, Empathy, Empowering, Equanimity (Emotional stability), Loving, Patience, Sacrifice and Teamwork.

Debashis Chatterjee (Director IIM – Kozhikode) has well mentioned Leaders lead people to themselves, and Leadership is the liberation of the potential within ourselves.

Jai Shree Ram
Bishnu @ Ranchi 🙏

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No. – 70, Date: 5th Sept. 2021

Theme: Happy Teachers’ Day – Remembering Inspiring Teacher and Philosopher Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

We celebrate Teachers’ Day on 5th September every year in India. It is the birthday of our 1st Vice-President (1st Chairperson of Rajya Sabha), 2nd President Bharat Ratna Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.

He was a great scholar, inspiring teacher, excellent ambassador, noble statesman and extraordinary philosopher of India. He made India proud in the world during both the pre-independence and post-independence eras.

All children, students and even general persons should read books and watch videos of his life and works.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan

Great Teachers encourage Hearts to Love, Minds to Think and Hands to Create Bishnu @ Ranchi 🙏

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No. – 62 Date: 11th July 2021

Theme: Life becoming Complex

Middle way is the sustainable lifestyle that embraces the pleasure of existence …. Neither Luxury nor Poverty… Just Enough.

Bishnu @ Ranchi 😷💉🙏

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No. – 61 Date: 4th July 2021:
Theme: Inspiration from Ratan Tata

Many things are possible. Anyone can make a positive difference.

For more information
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratan_Tata
https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/ratan-n-tata
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ratan-Tata

Bishnu @ Ranchi 😷💉🙏

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